CORPORETUNITY0
Corporetunity0
 http://www.financialcryptography.com/mt/archives/cat_threats.html
Pre war Caral Civilization Peru http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&newwindow=1&safe=off&sa=X&oi=spell&resnum=0&ct=result&cd=1&q=pre+war+Caral+Civilization+Peru
The ancient city of Caral located in the north of Lima, Supe Valley, is considered as the oldest city in the western Hemisphere. Radiocarbon dates show that monumental architecture there was under construction as early as 2627 BC and until about 2000 BC, in other words 4700 years old, contemporary with pyramids in Egypt and the ziggurats of Mesopotamia.
Other sites as old as Caral, do not approach the enormous size of Caral, (165 acres) and scope its architecture, The city has 6 large platforms mounds (pyramids), many small platforms, two sunken circular plazas and diverse architectural features including densely packed residences. (See map of location)
points :
Peruvian archaeologist Ruth Shady thinks that Caral is a candidate to be the “mother city” in the Americas. This means that people moved from small family units to build cities of thousands of people. Archaeologists think that construction seems to be associated with the advent of irrigation agriculture in the Supe Valley. The ancient inhabitants of Caral expanded up river from the coast, developed agriculture (beans, sweet potatoes, chili, cotton, pacay and guayaba ) to support the growing population. Fish bones have been found and that revels that the civilization depended on fishing as well. Caral appears as the model for the urban design adopted by the Inca and the ancient pre Inca civilizations like Chavin, Moche, Lima, Wari, Chimu and others. Its strategic location allowed trade with other close valleys in the Coast and the Andes. The trade generates a dynamic economic process and savings making this city more powerful. In Caral there is not evidence of war: no weapons, not mutilated bodies. It had a theocratic government managed by priest and Scientifics who were in charged of the ceremonies, astronomical investigation and prepare calendars to organize the activities of the inhabitants. In one of the pyramids archaeologist found beautiful flutes made of condor and pelican bones. The constructions happened before ceramics and maize were introduced in the area !
http://www.financialcryptography.com/mt/archives/cat_threats.html
Phishing in Pogo's Swamp
This week's phishing roundup starts with (thanks Lynn) sighting of a HTTPS phish. The attacker used a self-signed cert, and as we know browsers commonly fall to self-signed MITMs because of the popup madness ...
A new, advanced form a phishing dubbed "secured phishing" because it relies on self-signed digital certificates, can easily fool all but the most cautious consumers, a security firm warned Thursday.
Browser manufacturers were warned of the problem, were told how to fix it, and even given fine demos. Opera reports that it has made its browser ad-free. Welcome, but I continue to be confused about Opera's security - they claim:
Already regarded as the world's fastest, most secure browser, Opera speeds up your Web browsing with these innovative features: ...
Protect against identity theft and phishing with integrated security features
yet looking at the screen shots on the page it seemed very much like last time I looked - underwhelming. Opera practically haven't updated their security beyond the default Netscape model of 1995, so to say it's the world's most secure browser is just marketing hype; it seems more to me that Opera is fighting with other browser manufacturers for the award of "browser least responsive to user security needs."
Meanwhile, evidence is beginning to accrue that the US (at least, the non-techie part) is starting to take the issue seriously, and americans do not like what they find...
Adam reports on 'the story of a mother whose child was stillborn, and her inability to get the marketing to stop, from "A Lost Baby, and the Pain of Endless Reminders in the Mail," in the New York Times.'
My first reaction was shock, then anger. Why did the baby formula company have her due date? I had shared our baby's due date with only two businesses: my health insurance company and a Web site for expectant and new parents. When I registered to enter the Web site, I specifically requested that it not share my information with third parties.
And also on how mandatory ID cards will make for yet another database full of SSNs as yet another aid to identity theft. Good stuff. There are now a steady stream of reports of surveys that suggest that Americans will leave their banks if they get hit by identity theft. Glenbrook points at EDS slams banking security - Financial Services
Gartner suggests that this is part of a $50bn problem. When they numbers get that big it makes for a lot of difficulty rationalising them ("oh, it's less than Katrina, so that's ok?") but a careful reading doesn't seem to challenge the overall level of phishing at about a $1bn problem. It might have stabilised at this point.
Litan said that banks in Britain were far better at sharing information and working with each other to minimise exposure to this kind of fraud. The incentive to sign up new customers is great in Europe but in the US it's even more pronounced because banks send out 1,937 pieces of marketing information for every new sign-up. "The goal is getting new customers and banks are not that hungry about eating into fraud," she said.
Here's an article that reminds us that there are two problems, not just one (the Microsoft PC is woefully infected with viruses and keyloggers and other malware, as well as your browser's inability to tell you who you are talking to...) "Tremendous growth of cybercrime, report says." I'd remind them not to forget that online banks aren't that secure themselves... but it seems that banks also have other problems to deal with (Perfect Storm).
And to wrap up, (Adam again reports) chat of the underlying systemic issue - if you trade data like it was property, then you might not want to include your identity in the catalogue.
''As an aside [writes Chapell], some might argue that there's little distinction between "evil doer" and "data broker". I prefer to view the latter as the poster children for another unregulated industry that is screaming for the Government to step in. ... Of course, the trouble with choking off data flow is that it tends to be contrary to the concept of a free society. And since none of us seem to want to live under an EU privacy regime, then what's a privacy conscious American to do?''
First, [writes Adam]I think that Chapell is spot on here: The gossip-mongers would love to trade higher costs in the form of regulation for limits on their liability and high barriers to entry.
Second, the industry relies heavily on government subsidies, in the form of social security numbers, and data collected under threat of legal penalties. (Like the property registers in the article Chapell quotes, or DMV records, or voting lists.) In a free society, I can choose to be known by whatever name I like. That is a right long established in the common law. We can impose regulations on the product of government action without making ourselves less free.
We have met the enemy, and he is us. For those readers who aren't American, Pogo's comment is a famous comic line from the 60s and inspires today's roundup.
Posted by iang at 11:42 AM Comments (0) TrackBack
September 14, 2005
Google payment system confirmed - let the trimming of tall poppies begin
Google confirms they are doing a payment system. It may be like Paypal's but I wouldn't bet on it. Google claims it will be unlike. Either way a new sport is about to erupt in the payments systems world - sniping at Google's payments system.
Let's just be clear about this - it already has a name, it's called chopping down the tall poppies. This is a game of envy and spite. It comes because a successful player uses its money and muscle to take on a new field in which others have failed, when all the smart people knew how to get in there but couldn't muster that money and muscle (in this case, I'm referring to cognitive muscle as well as user base muscle).
It's going to happen so get used to it, guys. I'll go first: I'll bet you didn't think of this:
I was opening up my almost brand new Dell 600m laptop, to replace a broken PCMCIA slot riser on the motherboard. As soon as I got the keyboard off, I noticed a small cable running from the keyboard connection underneath a piece of metal protecting the motherboard.

I figured "No Big Deal", and continued with the dissasembly. But when I got the metal panels off, I saw a small white heatshink-wrapped package. Being ever-curious, I sliced the heatshrink open. I found a little circuit board inside.

Being an EE by trade, this piqued my curiosity considerably. On one side of the board, one Atmel AT45D041A four megabit Flash memory chip.

On the other side, one Microchip Technology PIC16F876 Programmable Interrupt Controller, along with a little Fairchild Semiconductor CD4066BCM quad bilateral switch.

Looking further, I saw that the other end of the cable was connected to the integrated ethernet board.
What could this mean? I called Dell tech support about it, and they said, and I quote, "The intregrated service tag identifier is there for assisting customers in the event of lost or misplaced personal information." He then hung up.
A little more research, and I found that that board spliced in between the keyboard and the ethernet chip is little more than a Keyghost hardware keylogger.
The reasons Dell would put this in thier laptops can only be left up to your imagination. It would be very impractical to hand-anylze the logs, and very CPU-intensive to do so on a computer for every person that purchased a dell laptop. Why are these keyloggers here? I recently almost found out.
I called the police, as having a keylogger unknown to me in my laptop is a serious offense. They told me to call the Department of Homeland Security. At this point, I am in disbelief. Why would the DHS have a keylogger in my laptop? It was surreal.
So I called them, and they told me to submit a Freedom of Information Act request. This is what I got back:

Google are entering into the payments system world at a dangerous time. This could be a unique time in the history of payments systems, simply because all those theoretical threat models that we have all trained with, sweated over and loved for a decade or more, now, are coming true. There's one you'll have to deal with, and you won't have the luxury of saying "oh, that's not our problem" this time.
This change has occurred in these pages mostly under the cover of a runctous attack on the idle ostriches of the browser world. Phishing is just the headline, but the real story is that there is now an industrial scale threat to payment systems. Some very few engineers know how to deal with these threats on a real basis - primarily those grounded in European banking experience - but for the most part a lot of the payments systems are learning the hard way right now.
For google, the lessons will be different. There will be no breathing space, no easy ramp up to the critical mass. It is I predict highly likely that from day one, attention will bear down on them from the phishing attackers. I suspect google will weather the security storm, but that's only a guess. The problem here is that there is a difference between facing statistical or safety threats and the aggressive crook. Security goods are different because they have an unruly third party in the transaction.
It will also shoot all the profitability figures to outhouse. Because the attacks will take up a larger support component per transaction than expected then there will be only a loss-leader rationale for the payments system for many a year. I would still do it, but I'm a strategic kinda guy, still if google are in this for anything but the long term, save yourselves the trouble and exit stage left now. Or cull your team of short term thinkers.
(There is a perfect face-saving way out, but it'll cost the price of a Dell *equivalent* laptop ;-) )
(Expect Dell laptops to drop like a stone if this pans out...)
(Expect all hell to break loose if this is true...)
(Are we living in interesting times again?)
(But even if not true, it's the perfect description of a "today" threat model!)
(Looks like we have confirmation ... see comments below!)
Posted by iang at 09:21 AM Comments (9) TrackBack
June 02, 2005
January 19, 2006
The node is the threat: Mozilla, the CIA, Skype, Symantec, Sony, .... and finally a WIRE THREAT: Bush
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Firefox reaches around 20% market share in one "weekend" survey in Europe. Bull-rating! If this keeps going on, I'll run out of predictions by the end of January.
In other news, a Firefox developer caused a furore on slashdot by adding a URL tracking feature. Firefox needs to meet the interests of parties other than yourself in your browsing habits. In this case, it is probably Google; the fact that the developer put the feature in without any way to turn it off is telling.
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Readers will recall a recent thread on governance in non-profits which goes some way to explaining this confusion (1, 2). Mozilla now has two interested groups - those that supply money and those that don't. How Mozilla brings itself to reconcile the conflicts between these two groups is worth watching - but also difficult to divine, as Mozilla have a fairly consistent policy of debating in secret and announcing later (the root list policy was a notable exception!).
The threats situation is daily growing more complex. Let's review more evidence (as if it is needed) on threat models. Over in Milan, prosecutors have revealed some details of the CIA kidnapping case. The alleged kidnappers left behind disk drives with emails that warned the agents to get out of Italy, as well as indicated who was the leader of the kidnapping crew.
On June 23, the day the warrants were issued, police searched the villa in the Italian wine region of Asti where Lady had retired with his wife at the end of 2003. From the hard drive of one of his computers police recovered the e-mail message, which someone had attempted to delete, plus other documents they say establish Lady as the organizer of the kidnapping.
The prosecutors have distributed 22 search warrants throughout Europe and intend to seek extradition from the US next. One of the alleged kidnappers was reached by reporters in Washington DC, but her name was not published at the request of the CIA, who say she is still active and undercover. (Which would then put the reporters in the curious position of obstructing justice if they ever travel to Europe!)
Back to threat models. That email on that drive! Darn it, the threat is on the node, says I. For a long time now I have been asserting that _the node is the threat_ and I've conducted a search for evidence that there is any threat to the wire. Long, boring, and ultimately futile was the quest! But now, I can at last reveal the quest may be over:
The Bush administration is engaged in the novel legal experiment of ordering illegal wiretaps so as to show why it needs the facility to harvest Americans' conversations without a court supervision. We now have an Executive Order, no less, mandating the NSA to threaten the wires of civilian America. Now, in times past one could have said that the NSA would have been strictly interested in bad guys outside the country, giving some protection to the populace who weren't plotting the overthrow of the USA. But those days are gone, even inside supporters of the administration are admitting that these extraordinary powers are desperately needed to get back at the internal enemies that made life so difficult for them in the past years. And I'm not just referring to the democrats or democracy. So this means we have bona fide evidence of a major eavesdropping threat to the wire - albeit one to Americans only.
Still, even with this stunning Executive Order, no less, the threat to the node remains more severe, I claim. News just in from Skype in China:
Skype had a dilemma. The Internet telephony and messaging service wanted to enter China with TOM Online (TOMO), a Beijing company controlled by Hong Kong billionaire Li Ka-shing. Li's people told their Skype Technologies (EBAY) partners that, to avoid problems with the Chinese leadership, they needed filters to screen out words in text messages deemed offensive by Beijing. No filtering, no service.
At first Skype executives resisted, says a source familiar with the venture. But after it became clear that Skype had no choice, the company relented: TOM and Skype now filter phrases such as "Falun Gong" and "Dalai Lama." Neither company would comment on the record.
First blood! This might be the first news that Skype is not protecting its users, which might explain why that other panda-shaped company, eBay, was ready to buy it. OTOH, the news comes from BusinessWeek, who aren't exactly above a hatchet job for political favours.
Either way, Skype was good while it lasted. In the department of corporate attackers it seems that Symantec has also been caught out installing root kits on Windows machines. They issued a patch, but not before saying that they were unaware of any hackers taking advantage... Oh, and poor old Sony, another corporate attacker caught with its hands in the root kit cookie jar has waved the white flag:
Federal judge Naomi Rice Buchwald gave tentative approval on Jan. 12th to a settlement in one of the many lawsuits filed against Sony over the rootkits. The settlement terms included offering cash payments or free music downloads to buyers of the affected CD's, and prevents Sony from selling any CD's with copy-protected software until 2008 at the earliest.
Lawsuits filed by Texas Attorney General Greg Abbott and the Electronic Frontier Foundation against Sony are still going ahead.
Thank heavens someone is taking on the attackers. Security observers (I no longer use the term 'security expert', a new year's resolution) scurried for cover in case they were asked to suggest whether a crime had been committed. Windows users may as well get used to it - with friends like that, they're not in dire need of new enemies.
December 28, 2005
Did you mean: ORIGINAL CIVILIZATION Pre war CULTURE Caral Civilization Peru
Charles Mingus - CORPORETUNITY
http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&newwindow=1&safe=off&sa=X&oi=spell&resnum=0&ct=result&cd=1&q=pre+war+Caral+Civilization+Peru ... mingus.charlesmingus3art.com/corporetunity-_328.html |
List of oldest continuously inhabited cities - Wikipedia, the free ...
... by a population of more than 250 for the entire time since the date shown. ... Byblos and Hebron) each claim to be 'the oldest city in the world'. ... en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_oldest_continuously_inhabited_cities |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civilization
ORIGINAL CIVILIZATION Pre war CULTURE Caral Civilization Peru http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&newwindow=1&safe=of f&sa=X&oi=spell&resnum=0&ct=result&cd=1&q=pre+war+Caral+Civilization+Peru
Caral - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The find of the quipu indicates that the later Inca civilization ... Dating Caral, a Preceramic Site in the Supe Valley on the Central Coast of Peru. ... en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caral - 32k - Cached - Similar pages Norte Chico civilization - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The Norte Chico civilization (also Caral or Caral-Supe civilization [1]) was a complex Pre-Columbian society that included as many as 30 major population ... en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norte_Chico_civilization - 99k - Cached - Similar pages [ More results from en.wikipedia.org ] Caral : The oldest city in the New World is located in Peru ... Caral appears as the model for the urban design adopted by the Inca and the ancient pre Inca civilizations like Chavin, Moche, Lima, Wari, Chimu and others. ... www.inkanatura.com/caral-peru-oldest-city-americas.asp - BBC - Science & Nature - Horizon Two thousand years ago a mysterious and little known civilization ruled the northern coast of Peru. Its people were called the Moche. ... www.bbc.co.uk/sn/tvradio/programmes/horizon/peru_prog_summary.shtml - [PDF] ‘P isco S our D ay’ Nilda Callañaupa, Peruvian Traditional ... File Format: PDF/Adobe Acrobat - View as HTML The Consulate General of Peru. cordially invites you to attend the .... the Caral civilization. Archaeologists hope to discover. more about the social, ... www.consuladoperu.com/denver/local/Newsletter%20Explore%20Peru%20No.01-07.pdf - Similar pages South America's Oldest Writing System: Ancient Quipu Found at Caral Archaeological evidence of quipu recovered from an archaeological site belonging to the ancient civilization of Caral in coastal Peru is nearly as old as ... archaeology.about.com/od/ancientwriting/a/caralquipu.htm - Living in Peru » News » Art/Culture/History In fact, Christie's is holding only one auction of Pre-Columbian Art and that ... Caral , Peru: The oldest citadel in the Americas (by LIP, 16 March, 2007) ... www.livinginperu.com/news/artculturehistory - Peru : In Depth : History Frommers.com First inhabited as many as 20000 years ago, Peru was the cradle of several of the most ancient and sophisticated pre-Columbian civilizations in the Americas ... www.frommers.com/destinations/peru/0814020044.html - pre-Columbian: Definition and Much More from Answers.com Pre-Columbian civilizations independently established during this long era .... Caral, in the Supe valley, is one of the largest and best studied sites. ... www.answers.com/topic/pre-columbian -
The ancient city of Caral located in the north of Lima, Supe Valley, is considered as the oldest city in the western Hemisphere. Radiocarbon dates show that monumental architecture there was under construction as early as 2627 BC and until about 2000 BC, in other words 4700 years old, contemporary with pyramids in Egypt and the ziggurats of Mesopotamia.
Other sites as old as Caral, do not approach the enormous size of Caral, (165 acres) and scope its architecture, The city has 6 large platforms mounds (pyramids), many small platforms, two sunken circular plazas and diverse architectural features including densely packed residences. ()
Interesting points :
- Peruvian archaeologist Ruth Shady thinks that Caral is a candidate to be the “mother city” in the Americas. This means
that people moved from small family units to build cities of thousands of people.
- Archaeologists think that construction seems to be associated with the advent of irrigation agriculture in the Supe Valley.
- The ancient inhabitants of Caral expanded up river from the coast, developed agriculture (beans, sweet potatoes, chili,
cotton, pacay and guayaba ) to support the growing population.
- Fish bones have been found and that revels that the civilization depended on fishing as well.
- Caral appears as the model for the urban design adopted by the and the ancient pre Inca civilizations like Chavin,
, Lima, Wari, and others.
- Its strategic location allowed trade with other close valleys in the Coast and the Andes. The trade generates a dynamic
economic process and savings making this city more powerful.
- In Caral there is not evidence of war: no weapons, not mutilated bodies.
- It had a theocratic government managed by priest and Scientifics who were in charged of the ceremonies, astronomical
investigation and prepare calendars to organize the activities of the inhabitants.
- In one of the pyramids archaeologist found beautiful flutes made of condor and pelican bones.
- The constructions happened before ceramics and maize were introduced in the area !
Caral can be visited from Lima in a full day tour leaving early from Lima and returning late afternoon. InkaNatura can arrange visits to the area with professional tour guides or for those with a deep interest in archaeology we can offer archaeologist who will let you more about this interesting ancient city.
http://www.inkanatura.com/caral-peru-oldest-city-americas.asp
http://www.ientry.com/ThePlanet/Freedom/ http://www.ientry.com/ThePlanet/Freedom/ http://www.financialcryptography.com/mt/archives/cat_threats.html http://www.financialcryptography.com/mt/archives/cat_threats.html http://www.financialcryptography.com/mt/archives/cat_threats.html Home >> Analysis >>Opposing the New Eugenics/Ensuring>>a Human Future >>New Voices http://images.google.com/images?svnum=10&um=1&hl=en&sa=X&oi=spell&resnum=0&ct=result&cd=1&q=jeremy+rifkin http://www.tdaxp.com/tag/jeremy+rifkin -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- October 4, 2006 Page 1 of 2 Single page Nuclear power is being touted as our salvation. But its dangers are too great, writes Jeremy Rifkin. SUDDENLY nuclear power is in vogue. At the G8 summit in St Petersburg, Russia, President George Bush and Russian President Vladimir Putin announced a far- reaching agreement to co-operate in the rapid expansion of nuclear energy worldwide and called on other countries to join them. It was the latest in a series of high-profile initiatives by the White House to promote nuclear power. Bush argues that the future energy security of the United States and the world will depend on increasing reliance on nuclear energy.
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Jeremy Rifkin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJeremy Rifkin (born 1945, Denver, Colorado), the founder and president of the Foundation on Economic Trends (FOET), is an American economist, writer, ... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremy_Rifkin -
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Jeremy Rifkin: End of Work"Jeremy Rifkin believes one day soon you will wake up and find that virtually every activity outside your immediate family has become a paid-for experience. ... faculty.washington.edu/krumme/readings/rifkin.html - http://www.amazon.com/End-Work-Jeremy-Rifkin/dp/0874778247 - - May 18, 2007 - Josh Rifkin http://images.google.com/images?svnum=10&um=1&hl=en&q=Josh+Rifkin+&btnG=Search+Images Jeremy Rifkin On The Human Genome Project http://homepage.smc.edu/hgp/moral2.htm
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ORIGINAL CIVILIZATION Pre war CULTURE Caral Civilization Peru http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&newwindow=1&safe=of f&sa=X&oi=spell&resnum=0&ct=result&cd=1&q=pre+war+Caral+Civilization+Peru
Caral - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The find of the quipu indicates that the later Inca civilization ... Dating Caral, a Preceramic Site in the Supe Valley on the Central Coast of Peru. ... en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caral - 32k - Cached - Similar pages Norte Chico civilization - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The Norte Chico civilization (also Caral or Caral-Supe civilization [1]) was a complex Pre-Columbian society that included as many as 30 major population ... en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norte_Chico_civilization - 99k - Cached - Similar pages [ More results from en.wikipedia.org ] Caral : The oldest city in the New World is located in Peru ... Caral appears as the model for the urban design adopted by the Inca and the ancient pre Inca civilizations like Chavin, Moche, Lima, Wari, Chimu and others. ... www.inkanatura.com/caral-peru-oldest-city-americas.asp - BBC - Science & Nature - Horizon Two thousand years ago a mysterious and little known civilization ruled the northern coast of Peru. Its people were called the Moche. ... www.bbc.co.uk/sn/tvradio/programmes/horizon/peru_prog_summary.shtml - [PDF] ‘P isco S our D ay’ Nilda Callañaupa, Peruvian Traditional ... File Format: PDF/Adobe Acrobat - View as HTML The Consulate General of Peru. cordially invites you to attend the .... the Caral civilization. Archaeologists hope to discover. more about the social, ... www.consuladoperu.com/denver/local/Newsletter%20Explore%20Peru%20No.01-07.pdf - Similar pages South America's Oldest Writing System: Ancient Quipu Found at Caral Archaeological evidence of quipu recovered from an archaeological site belonging to the ancient civilization of Caral in coastal Peru is nearly as old as ... archaeology.about.com/od/ancientwriting/a/caralquipu.htm - Living in Peru » News » Art/Culture/History In fact, Christie's is holding only one auction of Pre-Columbian Art and that ... Caral , Peru: The oldest citadel in the Americas (by LIP, 16 March, 2007) ... www.livinginperu.com/news/artculturehistory - Peru : In Depth : History Frommers.com First inhabited as many as 20000 years ago, Peru was the cradle of several of the most ancient and sophisticated pre-Columbian civilizations in the Americas ... www.frommers.com/destinations/peru/0814020044.html - pre-Columbian: Definition and Much More from Answers.com Pre-Columbian civilizations independently established during this long era .... Caral, in the Supe valley, is one of the largest and best studied sites. ... www.answers.com/topic/pre-columbian -
The ancient city of Caral located in the north of Lima, Supe Valley, is considered as the oldest city in the western Hemisphere. Radiocarbon dates show that monumental architecture there was under construction as early as 2627 BC and until about 2000 BC, in other words 4700 years old, contemporary with pyramids in Egypt and the ziggurats of Mesopotamia.
Other sites as old as Caral, do not approach the enormous size of Caral, (165 acres) and scope its architecture, The city has 6 large platforms mounds (pyramids), many small platforms, two sunken circular plazas and diverse architectural features including densely packed residences. ()
Interesting points :
- Peruvian archaeologist Ruth Shady thinks that Caral is a candidate to be the “mother city” in the Americas. This means
that people moved from small family units to build cities of thousands of people.
- Archaeologists think that construction seems to be associated with the advent of irrigation agriculture in the Supe Valley.
- The ancient inhabitants of Caral expanded up river from the coast, developed agriculture (beans, sweet potatoes, chili,
cotton, pacay and guayaba ) to support the growing population.
- Fish bones have been found and that revels that the civilization depended on fishing as well.
- Caral appears as the model for the urban design adopted by the and the ancient pre Inca civilizations like Chavin,
, Lima, Wari, and others.
- Its strategic location allowed trade with other close valleys in the Coast and the Andes. The trade generates a dynamic
economic process and savings making this city more powerful.
- In Caral there is not evidence of war: no weapons, not mutilated bodies.
- It had a theocratic government managed by priest and Scientifics who were in charged of the ceremonies, astronomical
investigation and prepare calendars to organize the activities of the inhabitants.
- In one of the pyramids archaeologist found beautiful flutes made of condor and pelican bones.
- The constructions happened before ceramics and maize were introduced in the area !
Caral can be visited from Lima in a full day tour leaving early from Lima and returning late afternoon. InkaNatura can arrange visits to the area with professional tour guides or for those with a deep interest in archaeology we can offer archaeologist who will let you more about this interesting ancient city.
http://www.inkanatura.com/caral-peru-oldest-city-americas.asp
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Caral - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The find of the quipu indicates that the later Inca civilization ... Dating Caral, a Preceramic Site in the Supe Valley on the Central Coast of Peru. ... en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caral - 32k - Cached - Similar pages Norte Chico civilization - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The Norte Chico civilization (also Caral or Caral-Supe civilization [1]) was a complex Pre-Columbian society that included as many as 30 major population ... en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norte_Chico_civilization - 99k - Cached - Similar pages [ More results from en.wikipedia.org ] Caral : The oldest city in the New World is located in Peru ... Caral appears as the model for the urban design adopted by the Inca and the ancient pre Inca civilizations like Chavin, Moche, Lima, Wari, Chimu and others. ... www.inkanatura.com/caral-peru-oldest-city-americas.asp - 32k - Cached - Similar pages BBC - Science & Nature - Horizon Two thousand years ago a mysterious and little known civilization ruled the northern coast of Peru. Its people were called the Moche. ... www.bbc.co.uk/sn/tvradio/programmes/horizon/peru_prog_summary.shtml - 41k - Cached - Similar pages [PDF] ‘P isco S our D ay’ Nilda Callañaupa, Peruvian Traditional ... File Format: PDF/Adobe Acrobat - View as HTML The Consulate General of Peru. cordially invites you to attend the .... the Caral civilization. Archaeologists hope to discover. more about the social, ... www.consuladoperu.com/denver/local/Newsletter%20Explore%20Peru%20No.01-07.pdf - Similar pages South America's Oldest Writing System: Ancient Quipu Found at Caral Archaeological evidence of quipu recovered from an archaeological site belonging to the ancient civilization of Caral in coastal Peru is nearly as old as ... archaeology.about.com/od/ancientwriting/a/caralquipu.htm - 25k - Cached - Similar pages Living in Peru » News » Art/Culture/History In fact, Christie's is holding only one auction of Pre-Columbian Art and that ... Caral , Peru: The oldest citadel in the Americas (by LIP, 16 March, 2007) ... www.livinginperu.com/news/artculturehistory - 52k - Jun 15, 2007 - Cached - Similar pages Peru : In Depth : History Frommers.com First inhabited as many as 20000 years ago, Peru was the cradle of several of the most ancient and sophisticated pre-Columbian civilizations in the Americas ... www.frommers.com/destinations/peru/0814020044.html - 67k - Cached - Similar pages pre-Columbian: Definition and Much More from Answers.com Pre-Columbian civilizations independently established during this long era .... Caral, in the Supe valley, is one of the largest and best studied sites. ... www.answers.com/topic/pre-columbian -
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http://www.theage.com.au/news/opinion/more-threat-than-panacea/2006/10/03/1159641322465.html Jeremy Rifkin: The Foundation on Economic TrendsJeremy Rifkin, president of the Foundation on Economic Trends, is the author of seventeen books on the impact of scientific and technological changes on the ... http://www.foet.org/JeremyRifkin.htm - http://www.foet.org/ -
Jeremy Rifkin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJeremy Rifkin (born 1945, Denver, Colorado), the founder and president of the Foundation on Economic Trends (FOET), is an American economist, writer, ... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremy_Rifkin -
Dossier - Jeremy RifkinJeremy Rifkin is President of the Foundation on Economic Trends, President of the Greenhouse Crisis Foundation and head of the Beyond Beef Coalition. ... http://www.nationalcenter.org/dos7126.htm -
Jeremy Rifkin Biography Jeremy Rifkin, the founder and president of the Foundation on Economic Trends (FOET), is the intellectual guru of the neo-Luddites, especially as their ... http://www.activistcash.com/biography.cfm/bid/1342 - Jeremy Rifkin Quotes43 quotes and quotations by Jeremy Rifkin. ... Jeremy Rifkin Back in 1983, the United States government approved the release of the first genetically ... http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/authors/j/jeremy_rifkin.html Speakers Platform Speakers Bureau: Jeremy Rifkin, Keynote Speaker ... Jeremy Rifkin's Speakers Platform Speakers Bureau speaking information Web site. Speaker On: Technology, Future, Economics, International Business. http://www.speaking.com/speakers/jeremyrifkin.html - The European Dream (Promo) Jeremy RifkinIn this selection from his provocative new book, social thinker Jeremy Rifkin argues that the American Dream has turned into a liability that has us ... http://www.utne.com/issues/2004_125/promo/11349-1.html -
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Caral - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The find of the quipu indicates that the later Inca civilization ... Dating Caral, a Preceramic Site in the Supe Valley on the Central Coast of Peru. ... en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caral - 32k - Cached - Similar pages Norte Chico civilization - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The Norte Chico civilization (also Caral or Caral-Supe civilization [1]) was a complex Pre-Columbian society that included as many as 30 major population ... en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norte_Chico_civilization - 99k - Cached - Similar pages [ More results from en.wikipedia.org ] Caral : The oldest city in the New World is located in Peru ... Caral appears as the model for the urban design adopted by the Inca and the ancient pre Inca civilizations like Chavin, Moche, Lima, Wari, Chimu and others. ...
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