IfWallsCouldTalk
Who cares what you think.
|

|
If God exists then why do men have nipples? - Yahoo! Answers
If God exists then why do men have nipples? If you now the real reason why men have nipples then you'll understand why this is a serious ...
answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20110426020604AA3kjqT - Cached - Similar
why do men have nipples? http://images2.memegenerator.net/ImageMacro/5885663/If- God-made-Adam-first-why-do-men-have-nipples.jpg ...
forum.bodybuilding.com/archive/index.php/t-132063643.html - Cached - Similar
Sep 17, 2003 ... So, why do men have nipples? Because females do. ... Genesis 1:27 ýSo God created man in his own image, in the image of God created he ... So if Adam had nipples and he was made in God's image then God must have nipples. ...
www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?...do-men-have-nipples - Cached - Similar
If God is perfect and created us in his image... why do we have such ... Since when does the bible say man is perfect, I think that attribute is reserved for God alone. ... Evolution leaves more questions than it provides answers for. ... All mammals have nipples, I think if men didn't have nipples ...
forums.catholic.com/showthread.php?t=187033 - Cached - Similar
If god made man from the dust of the earth, and women from man, why do men have nipples? Werent men created first, and THEN women? ...
allphilosophy.com/topic/1624 - Cached - Similar
DNA Adam was not White European as you depict him and besids that if god was a man then why do men have niples? My god is not a landlord or a pimp. ...
http://www.charlesmingus3art.com/jeremy-rifkin-the-empathic-civilization-print140.html - Cached - Similar
The real question is why do men have nipples if evolution is true? .... In effect she is rejecting any reason for there to a God then... lol ...
www.sciforums.com/Why-did-god-design-men-to-have-nipples-t-70634.html - Cached - Similar
Apr 10, 2009 ... Fuck if god id real then Lord of the rings i real and im going to go ... Why do men have nipples if god existed im pretty sure men wouldnt have nipples ... But take heart little man, Amino acids are the god you seek ...
www.youtube.com/watch?v=qoxXQwFINdc - Cached - Similar
So, if evolution is wrong, why do men have nipples? .... If God knows how all of this is gonna turn out, then why did he ... Perhaps the better question is if man evolved from monkeys, how come there are still monkeys? ...
www.criticalsecurity.net/.../30231-why-do-men-have-nipples/ - Cached - Similar
If you must know, its just flat boobs. .... [QUOTE=adf0316]In response to Why do men have nipples? Isnt it because we all start as females in the womb and then god decides which of us is good enough to be a guy,
|
|
blogspotzblogspotzblogspotz
http://www.museumoflondon.org.uk/English/Collections/OnlineResources/RWWC/objects/record.htm?type=object&id=67052
Showing 1 to 21 of 115 objects.
The African Community in London
The very first humans EVER to reach Britain tens of thousands of years ago were the descendants of BLACK African people. Eratta: The very first humans to reach Britain tens of thousands of years ago were the descendants of African people. http://www.museumoflondon.org.uk/Collections-Research/Research/Your-Research/RWWC/Themes/1078/
if god is a man then why do men have nipples
About 7,410,000 results
Tyrann0saurus — September 08, 2010 —
This video lays out the bioanthropological evidence in favor of reconstructing the ancient Egyptians as tropically adapted (i.e. Black) Africans similar to northeast African peoples today. BIBLIOGRAPHY: Berry, A. C., and R. J. Berry. "Genetical change in ancient Egypt." Man 2 (1967): 551-68. Bertrand, L., J. Doucet, P. Dumas, A. Simionovici, G. Tsoucaris, and P. Walter. "Microbeam synchrotron imaging of hairs from Ancient Egyptian mummies." Journal of Synchroton Radiation 10 (September 2003): 387-92. Conti-Fuhrman, Anna, and Emma Rabino Massa. "Preliminary note on the ultrastructure of the hair from an Egyptian mummy using the Scanning Electron Microscope." Journal of Human Evolution 1, no. 5 (September 1972): 487. Godde, K. "An Examination of Nubian and Egyptian biological distances: Support for biological diffusion or in situ development?" Homo 60, no. 5 (September 2009): 389-404. Hiernaux, Jean. The People of Africa., 53-54. N.p.: Encore Editions, 1975. Keita, SOY. "Early Nile Valley Farmers, From El-Badari, Aboriginals or 'European' Agro-Nostratic Immigrants? Craniometric Affinities Considered With Other Data." Journal of Black Studies 36, no. 2 (2005): 191-208. Kemp, Barry J. Ancient Egypt: Anatomy of a Civilization. 1989. Reprint, New York: Routledge, 2005. Massa, E. R., and M. Massali. "Early Egyptian mummy hairs: Tensile strength tests, optical and scanning electron microscopy." Journal of Human Evolution 9 (1980): 133-7. Robins, G., and C.C.D. Shute. "Predynastic Egyptian stature and physical proportions." Human Evolution 1 (1986): 313-24. Trinkaus, E. "Neanderthal limb proportions and cold adaptation." In Aspects of Human Evolution. Edited by C. B. Stringer., 187-224. London: Taylor & Francis, 1981. Zakrzewski, Sonia R. "Intra-population and temporal variation in ancient Egyptian crania." In Program of the Seventy-Third Annual Meeting of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists, 215. Tampa, FL: American Association of Physical Anthropologists, 2004. Zakrzewski, Sonia R. "Variation in Ancient Egyptian Stature and Body Proportions." American Journal of Physical Anthropology 121 (2003): 219-29.
http://www.google.com/images?client=firefox-a&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&channel=s&hl=en&q=black+phrohs&um=1&ie=UTF-8&source=og&sa=N&tab=wi&biw=981&bih=512
http://www.thisblogrules.com/2009/10/in-africa-you-can-have-hyena-baboon-or.html?utm_source=wahoha.com&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=wahoha
http://www.portraitprofessional.com/photo_editing_software/video_demo/
|
|
Warning!!! The Content You are about to see may be offensive to some people. You must be able to take it to view it. Children under the age of 18 are required to have parents guidance when viewing the following blog post. If you are offended by and or if you cannot legally view this type of material where you reside, PLEASE EXIT NOW!
|
 |
Christopher Columbus The Untold Story Pope Gives the Americas to Spain Following Columbus' "discovery", Pope Alexander VI issued a May 4, 1493, papal bull granting official ownership of the New World to Ferdinand and Isabella. To these monarchs, the Pope declared: "We of our own motion, and not at your solicitation, do give, concede, and assign for ever to you and your successors, all the islands, and main lands, discovered; and which may hereafter, be discovered, towards the west and south; whether they be situated towards India, or towards any other part whatsoever, and give you absolute power in them."
[9] http://www.understandingprejudice.org/nativeiq/columbus.htm  |
|
Revoking the Bull Inter Caetera of May 4, 1493
Las Casas

.
At the Parliament of World Religions in 1993, over sixty indigenous delegates drafted a Declaration of Vision, which was originally "endorsed by resolution in a near unanimous vote" of the Parliament (Taliman 1994). It reads, in part:
We call upon the people of conscience in the Roman Catholic hierarchy to persuade Pope John II to formally revoke the Inter Cetera Bull of May 4, 1493, which will restore our fundamental human rights. That Papal document called for our Nations and Peoples to be subjugated so the Christian Empire nd its doctrines would be propagated. The U.S. Supreme Court ruling Johnson v. McIntosh 8 Wheat 543 (in 1823) adopted the same principle of subjugation expressed in the Inter Caetera bull. This Papal Bull has been, and continues to be, devastating to our religions, our cultures, and the survival of our populations.
Home Background Appeal to the Vatican Delegate to the Vatican Updates contact information Back to the Top
The first annual papal bulls burning took place on October 12, 1997 in front of the Catholic Diocese of Honolulu. Here, 'Ululani Po'ohina burns a papal bull. In the background, from left to right, Kanaka Maoli Hawaiian rights activists Eric Po'ohina, Kekuni Blaisdell, and Soli Niheu look on, while Tony Castanha reads from
|
|
|
PAINTINGS
ANTHROPOMORPHICIAZATION OF TECHNO-POTPOURRI
Copyright © Charles Mingus 2008 ANTHROPOMORPHICIAZATION OF TECHNO-POTPOURRI 22383 ACRYLIC ON CANVAS 34"X46" Collection of J.Biggs Moore III, NYC
Post card 1984 Sketch & final version of ANTHROPOMORPHICIAZATION OF TECHNO-POTPOURRI ACRYLIC ON CANVAS 34" X 46"
King Ferdinand of Aragon and Queen Isabella of Castille

"King Ferdinand of Aragon and Queen Isabella of Castille united the warring kingships into the country we now call Spain. Free of the Moores, Ferdinand and Isabella looked to expand the boundaries of the new Spanish kingdom beyond any empire in history." FERDINAND AND THE BULL. FERDINAND AND THE POPE?About 6,300,000 results http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=FERDINAND%20AND%20THE%20POPE?&spell=1&sa=X
|
|
|
|
SHAKESPEARE HATED BLACKS & OWNED SLAVES http://www.google.com/images?btnG=Search&hl=en&um=1&tab=wi&tbs=isch:1&spell=1&sa=X&aq=f&aqi=&oq=&gs_rfai=&q=SHAKESPEARE%20OWNED%20SLAVES%20HATED%20BLACKS
|
|
The Inter Caetera, Papal Bull of May 4, 1493 by Alexander VI
|
-
The Inter Caetera, Papal Bull of May 4, 1493 by Alexander VI ... not before the 24th of January, 1506, was a Bull to such effect issued by Pope Julius II. ...
-
Inter caetera ("Among other [works]") was a papal bull issued by Pope Alexander VI on 4 May 1493, which granted to Spain (the Crowns of Castile and Aragon) ...
Alexander, in the bull Inter Caetera, 4 May 1493, divided the title between ...
-
Pope Alexander VI did this after the return of Christopher Columbus, in a Papal Bull entitled Inter Caetera issued on May 4, 1493, and in a further Bull ...
-
*May 4, 1493 - The papal bull Inter Caetera is issued by Pope Alexander VI to King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain. *September 26, 1493 - The papal ...
-
The Bull Inter Caetera (Alexander VI), May 4, 1493. ... The king and queen of Castile disputed this and sought a new Papal Bull on the subject. Pope Alexander VI, a native of Valencia and a friend of the Castilian king, ... Though later bulls were issued on the subject of Portugese and Spanish colonial rivalry, ...
-
... The Papal bull Inter Caetera - Alexander VI. Pope Alexander ... May 4, 1493. *** Quote ***. Alexander VI Alexander, bishop, servant of the servants of ...
-
He issued a Papal Bull called "Inter Caetera," words that instructed ... of the Inter Cetera papal bull, delivered by Pope Alexander VI on May 4, 1493. ...
-
This this was accomplished through the Papal Bull Inter caetera issued by Pope Alexander VI on May 4, 1493, which granted to Spain all lands to the "west ...
-
The Inter Caetera, Papal Bull of May 4, 1493 by Alexander VI. Pope Alexander VI ... three Bulls issued on May 3 and May 4 1493 (all much in favor of Spain, ...
|
| http://www.google.com/images?hl=en&q=Pope+Alexander+VI+issued+a+May+4,+1493,+papal+bull&um=1&ie=UTF-8&source=og&sa=N&tab=wi |
 Papal Bull of May 4, 1493 120 × 170 - 14k - jpg charlesmingus3art.com |
 Pope Alexander VI on May 4 788 × 599 - 93k - jpg my.firedoglake.com |
 The Doctrine of Discovery 1000 × 833 - 442k - jpg hwaairfan.wordpress.com |
 Demarcation bull [Papal Bull 1000 × 1221 - 617k - jpg gilderlehrman.org |
 1493 Pope Alexander VI gave 300 × 349 - 58k - jpg homepaddock.wordpress.com |
 Demarcation bull [Papal Bull 250 × 159 - 29k - jpg gilderlehrman.org |
 Alexander VI 214 × 288 - 13k - jpg let.rug.nl |
 Roman Catholic Popes: Bull 424 × 295 - 129k - jpg danielnpaul.com |
 Second Papal Bull—May 4th, 1024 × 337 - 7k - gif dightonrock.com |
 Pope Alexander VI Borgia 400 × 267 - 86k - jpg tomsito.com |
 Pope Alexander VI 551 × 286 - 20k - jpg reformation.org |
 He issued a bull in May 1493, 230 × 265 - 9k - jpg lehigh.edu |
 Second Papal Bull of May 4th, 345 × 207 - 12k - jpg dightonrock.com |
 Revoking the Bull Inter 590 × 311 - 145k - jpg mingusart.com |
 1493 Pope Alexander VI gave 250 × 296 - 53k - png homepaddock.wordpress.com |
 Pope Alexander VI (Rodrigo 82 × 115 - 3k - jpg historyscoper.com |
 Pope Alexander VI (Pope from 309 × 397 - 24k - jpg reformation.org |
 Portrait, Alexander VI — born 453 × 599 - 159k - gif hallnjean.wordpress.com |
 who may be in actual 325 × 350 - 34k - jpg historyscoop.wordpress... |
 Bull Inter Caetera of May 500 × 375 - 23k - jpg manataka.org |
|
Pope Gives the Americas to Spain Following Columbus' "discovery", Pope Alexander VI issued a May 4, 1493, papal bull granting official ownership of the New World to King Ferdinand of Aragon and Queen Isabella of Castille. To these monarchs, the Pope declared: "We of our own motion, and not at your solicitation, do give, concede, and assign for ever to you and your successors, all the islands, and main lands,discovered; and which may hereafter, be discovered, towards the west and south; whether they be situated towards India, or towards any other part whatsoever, and give you absolute power in them." [#9] That is the geopolitical equivalent of the Nazi's declaration that the world and its population are the property of Germany, so does that make Christopher Columbus and the Pope his paid accomplices Nazi thieves & murders? Its very interesting that they said that all the indigenous people they killed had no souls because they were "pagan" when the so called classical European social systems they were from were also pagan savages who went daily to the Gigantic Coliseums to watch other humans be murdered as entertainment... http://mingus.charlesmingus3art.com/beyondgood-26amp-3Bevil-_866.html
 David_Guttenfelder600x400-100982
|
|
 SaintMauriceMagdeburg Thetime of day
|
 File:Saint Maurice Magdeburg. 284 × 599 - 46k - jpg commons.wikimedia.org |
 File:Saint Maurice 595 × 1254 - 141k - jpg commons.wikimedia.org |
 St Maurice in Magdeburg 230 × 436 - 27k - jpg romanchristendom.blogs... |
 The famous St Maurice figure 1381 × 900 - 244k - jpg medievalart.org.uk |
 St Maurice, Magdeburg, Germany 410 × 550 - 42k - jpg travelpod.com |
 Saint Maurice 150 × 316 - 54k - jpg whitemountainarmoury.com |
 A very special Saint Maurice 160 × 240 - 8k - jpg trekearth.com |
 Saint Maurice in the Cathedral 284 × 599 - 34k - jpg userpages.umbc.edu |
 St Maurice. Germany Magdeburg 800 × 357 - 64k - jpg themcs.org |
 image of St. Maurice at 250 × 278 - 69k - jpg whitemountainarmoury.com |
 Saint Maurice 500 × 333 - 127k - jpg flickr.com |
 Magdeburg - Cathedral. The cathedral, officially called "Cathedral of Saints Catherine and Maurice", hosts the oldest known image depicting Saint Maurice as 456 × 500 - 191k - jpg flickr.com |
 A very special Saint Maurice This 533 × 800 - 291k - jpg trekearth.com |
 SAINT MAURICE & THE THEBAN 142 × 299 - 15k - jpg blakfacts.blogspot.com |
 The Martyrdom of St Maurice 650 × 1218 - 123k - jpg romanchristendom.blogs... |
 St Maurice 320 × 353 - 63k - gif romanchristendom.blogs... |
 Maurice from the Magdeburg 57 × 120 - 3k - jpg enotes.com |
 no image of St Maurice. 1040 × 1604 - 472k - jpg blacknetworkinggroup.c... |
 St. Maurice, Germany 1568, 412 × 648 - 333k - jpg kornbluthphoto.com |
 St. Maurice, Germany 1568, 408 × 648 - 292k - jpg kornbluthphoto.com |
Christians Wrong About Heaven, Says Bishop By David Van Biema Thursday, Feb. 07, 200
Read more: http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1710844,00.html#ixzz1NFGRXXoT http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1710844,00.html N.T. "Tom" Wright is one of the most formidable figures in the world of Christian thought. As Bishop of Durham, he is the fourth most senior cleric in the Church of England and a major player in the strife-riven global Anglican Communion; as a much-read theologian and Biblical scholar he has taught at Cambridge and is a hero to conservative Christians worldwide for his 2003 book The Resurrection of the Son of God, which argued forcefully for a literal interpretation of that event.
It therefore comes as a something of a shock that Wright doesn't believe in heaven — at least, not in the way that millions of Christians understand the term. In his new book, Surprised by Hope (HarperOne), Wright quotes a children's book by California first lady Maria Shriver called What's Heaven, which describes it as "a beautiful place where you can sit on soft clouds and talk... If you're good throughout your life, then you get to go [there]... When your life is finished here on earth, God sends angels down to take you heaven to be with him." That, says Wright is a good example of "what not to say." The Biblical truth, he continues, "is very, very different."
Wright, 58, talked by phone with TIME's David Van Biema.
TIME: At one point you call the common view of heaven a "distortion and serious diminution of Christian hope."
Wright: It really is. I've often heard people say, "I'm going to heaven soon, and I won't need this stupid body there, thank goodness.' That's a very damaging distortion, all the more so for being unintentional.
TIME: How so? It seems like a typical sentiment.
Wright: There are several important respects in which it's unsupported by the New Testament. First, the timing. In the Bible we are told that you die, and enter an intermediate state. St. Paul is very clear that Jesus Christ has been raised from the dead already, but that nobody else has yet. Secondly, our physical state. The New Testament says that when Christ does return, the dead will experience a whole new life: not just our soul, but our bodies. And finally, the location. At no point do the resurrection narratives in the four Gospels say, "Jesus has been raised, therefore we are all going to heaven." It says that Christ is coming here, to join together the heavens and the Earth in an act of new creation.
TIME: Is there anything more in the Bible about the period between death and the resurrection of the dead?
Wright: We know that we will be with God and with Christ, resting and being refreshed. Paul writes that it will be conscious, but compared with being bodily alive, it will be like being asleep. The Wisdom of Solomon, a Jewish text from about the same time as Jesus, says "the souls of the righteous are in the hand of God," and that seems like a poetic way to put the Christian understanding, as well.
TIME: But it's not where the real action is, so to speak?
Wright: No. Our culture is very interested in life after death, but the New Testament is much more interested in what I've called the life after life after death — in the ultimate resurrection into the new heavens and the new Earth. Jesus' resurrection marks the beginning of a restoration that he will complete upon his return. Part of this will be the resurrection of all the dead, who will "awake," be embodied and participate in the renewal. John Polkinghorne, a physicist and a priest, has put it this way: "God will download our software onto his hardware until the time he gives us new hardware to run the software again for ourselves." That gets to two things nicely: that the period after death is a period when we are in God's presence but not active in our own bodies, and also that the more important transformation will be when we are again embodied and administering Christ's kingdom.
TIME: That is rather different from the common understanding. Did some Biblical verse contribute to our confusion?
Wright: There is Luke 23, where Jesus says to the good thief on the cross, "Today you will be with me in Paradise." But in Luke, we know first of all that Christ himself will not be resurrected for three days, so "paradise" cannot be a resurrection. It has to be an intermediate state. And chapters 4 and 5 of Revelation, where there is a vision of worship in heaven that people imagine describes our worship at the end of time. In fact it's describing the worship that's going on right now. If you read the book through, you see that at the end we don't have a description of heaven, but, as I said, of the new heavens and the new earth joined together.
TIME: Why, then, have we misread those verses?
Wright: It has, originally, to do with the translation of Jewish ideas into Greek. The New Testament is deeply, deeply Jewish, and the Jews had for some time been intuiting a final, physical resurrection. They believed that the world of space and time and matter is messed up, but remains basically good, and God will eventually sort it out and put it right again. Belief in that goodness is absolutely essential to Christianity, both theologically and morally. But Greek-speaking Christians influenced by Plato saw our cosmos as shabby and misshapen and full of lies, and the idea was not to make it right, but to escape it and leave behind our material bodies. The church at its best has always come back toward the Hebrew view, but there have been times when the Greek view was very influential.
TIME: Can you give some historical examples?
Wright: Two obvious ones are Dante's great poetry, which sets up a Heaven, Purgatory and Hell immediately after death, and Michelangelo's Last Judgment in the Sistine chapel, which portrays heaven and hell as equal and opposite last destinations. Both had enormous influence on Western culture, so much so that many Christians think that is Christianity.
TIME: But it's not.
Wright: Never at any point do the Gospels or Paul say Jesus has been raised, therefore we are we are all going to heaven. They all say, Jesus is raised, therefore the new creation has begun, and we have a job to do.
TIME: That sounds a lot like... work.
Wright: It's more exciting than hanging around listening to nice music. In Revelation and Paul's letters we are told that God's people will actually be running the new world on God's behalf. The idea of our participation in the new creation goes back to Genesis, when humans are supposed to be running the Garden and looking after the animals. If you transpose that all the way through, it's a picture like the one that you get at the end of Revelation.
TIME: And it ties in to what you've written about this all having a moral dimension.
Wright: Both that, and the idea of bodily resurrection that people deny when they talk about their "souls going to Heaven." If people think "my physical body doesn't matter very much," then who cares what I do with it? And if people think that our world, our cosmos, doesn't matter much, who cares what we do with that? Much of "traditional" Christianity gives the impression that God has these rather arbitrary rules about how you have to behave, and if you disobey them you go to hell, rather than to heaven. What the New Testament really says is God wants you to be a renewed human being helping him to renew his creation, and his resurrection was the opening bell. And when he returns to fulfil the plan, you won't be going up there to him, he'll be coming down here.
TIME: That's very different from, say, the vision put out in the Left Behind books.
Wright: Yes. If there's going to be an Armageddon, and we'll all be in heaven already or raptured up just in time, it really doesn't matter if you have acid rain or greenhouse gases prior to that. Or, for that matter, whether you bombed civilians in Iraq. All that really matters is saving souls for that disembodied heaven.
TIME: Has anyone you've talked to expressed disappointment at the loss of the old view?
Wright: Yes, you might get disappointment in the case where somebody has recently gone through the death of somebody they love and they are wanting simply to be with them. And I'd say that's understandable. But the end of Revelation describes a marvelous human participation in God's plan. And in almost all cases, when I've explained this to people, there's a sense of excitement and a sense of, "Why haven't we been told this before?"
Read more: http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1710844,00.html#ixzz1NFGDwnCf
|
|
http://www.google.com/images?q=Saint+Maurice+Magdeburg&btnG=Search&hl=en&um=1&ie=UTF-8&source=og&sa=N&tab=wi&aq=f&aqi=g-v3&aql=&oq=&gs_rfai= Saint Maurice Magdeburg
The oldest available image that depicts Saint Maurice was carved in the 1240s for the Cathedral of Magdeburg, a strikingly accurate depiction of a ...
Saint Maurice in the Cathedral of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany, next to the ...
Statue of Saint Maurice in Magdeburg (ca. 1250 AD). The Gothic influence ...
-
Sep 19, 2008 ... Saint Maurice was the leader of the legendary Roman Theban Legion ... In 961, Otto I was building and enriching the cathedral at Magdeburg, ...
-
Location map and aerial view of Magdeburg Cathedral. For a larger view, ... At this time the cathedral was dedicated not only to St Maurice as before, ...
-
Dec 16, 2007 ... I first saw the Magdeburg St Maurice's head on the cover of Vol 2 of The Image of the Black in Western Art....it stopped me in my tracks ...
-
Cathedral Church of St-Maurice and St Catherine, M - Magdeburg - ViaMichelin Travel : Comprehensive practical and cultural information to prepare your ...
-
In 929 Henry I the Fowler held a royal court gathering (Reichsversammlung) at Magdeburg. At the same time the Mauritius Kloster in honor of St. Maurice was ...
-
Jan 13, 2006 ... Saint Maurice in the Cathedral of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany, next to the grave of Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor. The cathedral is actually ...
-
The effigy is that of St. Maurice and it can be found in the Magdeburg Cathedral , Germany. A number of authors (Thordeman of Wisby fame, Nicolle, etc. ...
|
|
Saint Maurice Magdeburg http://www.google.com/search?q=Saint+Maurice+Magdeburg&hl=en&um=1&ie=UTF-8&sa=N&tab=iw Magdeburg Cathedral http://www.sacred-destinations.com/germany/magdeburg-cathedral.htm
|
|
http://www.museumoflondon.org.uk/English/Collections/OnlineResources/RWWC/objects/record.htm?type=object&id=67052
Showing 1 to 21 of 115 objects.
The African Community in London
The very first humans to reach Britain tens of thousands of years ago were the descendants of African people. Britain took a leading part in the slave trade from the 16th century until slavery was finally abolished in 1833.
Many Africans were brought to London against their will to serve the wealthy and were amongst those who campaigned to end slavery.
The British Empire included parts of West Africa and inhabitants of these countries came to London in search of work during the 19th and 20th centuries.
Today south London is home to a large community of West Africans, while East Africans have sought refuge from civil war in countries like Somalia and Ethiopia.
The practice of importing Negroe servants into these kingdoms is said to be already a grievance that requires a remedy, and yet it is every day encouraged, insomuch as the number in the metropolis only, is supposed to be near 20,000~Letter to the 'Gentleman's Magazine' October 1746
The first human remains in London were found in Swanscombe and are 400,000 years old.These humans were the descendants of people who migrated from Africa about one million years ago and arrived in Britain around 300,000 years later.
The next wave of migration from Africa dates back about 100,000 years. These people were anatomically modern humans.
They reached Britain about 40,000 years ago during a cold period when the seas between Britain and the rest of Europe had frozen over.
http://www.museumoflondon.org.uk/English/Collections/OnlineResources/RWWC/objects/record.htm?type=object&id=67052
There is some evidence of an African presence in Britain during Roman times. A regiment of soldiers from North Africa was stationed at Hadrian’s Wall. London archaeologists have found a spoon and a lamp representing people of African appearance.

 
The earliest recorded image of an African in London is a Black trumpeter depicted on the Westminster Tournament Roll of 1511.
Probably from North Africa, this musician was employed by both Henry VII and Henry VIII.Henry VIII’s daughter Queen Elizabeth I also had Black servants. Nonetheless in 1601, when the country had been suffering from poor harvests, she issued a proclamation that ‘the great number of Negroes and blackamoores’ should leave Britain.
From the 1570s some Africans were brought to London as a result of Britain's role in the slave trade, although most were taken to the West Indies. Ships left ports like London filled with goods bound for the west coast of Africa.There, the goods were traded for enslaved people whom the ships then carried to the West Indies to work on sugar and tobacco plantations.
The final leg of the voyage transported sugar, tobacco and cotton from the plantations back to Britain. This made enormous profits for British manufacturers, slave traders and plantation owners. An infrastructure of banks and insurance agencies grew up around the slave trade, some of which still exist, like Barclays bank.
During the 17th and 18th centuries it was fashionable for wealthy Londoners to own African slaves or servants. Some of these owners brought enslaved people with them from plantations in the Caribbean. Contemporary newspapers carry advertisements offering enslaved people for sale, or attempting to trace runaways. The law was unclear on the status of enslaved people in England and many ran away from their employers to obtain freedom.
Several Black people, such as Olaudah Equiano, actively campaigned against slavery, which virtually ended in Britain by the 1790s. In 1807 the Abolition of the Slave Trade Act was passed. This was followed in 1833 by the Slavery Abolition Act, outlawing slavery throughout the British Empire. After this date fewer Black people came to London.
By the mid 18th century there was a significant free Black population.
These people worked as servants, labourers, sailors and soldiers. Ignatius Sancho distinguished himself as a writer and composer.
Bill Richmond and Tom Molineux were noted prize fighters. The Black population declined in the 19th century. The majority was men, some of whom married White women, so that their children had only partial Black ancestry.
Today, thousands of British people will find one or more Black ancestors in their family tree.
Some Black Americans also arrived in London.
These included fugitive slaves, enslaved people who had gained their freedom by fighting on the British side during the American War of Independence, and entertainers.
The period from the beginning of Queen Victoria's reign until the end of World War II saw the British Empire at its height.
From the 1880s European nations rushed to colonise Africa and exploit its resources. Within 20 years the continent was carved up between the imperial powers of Europe, which included Belgium, Britain, France, Germany, Italy and Portugal. Large parts of Africa fell under British rule.
These included present day Sierra Leone, Ghana and Nigeria in Western Africa, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda and Somalia in Eastern Africa, Malawi, Zambia and Zimbabwe in Southern Africa and Egypt and Sudan in Northern Africa.
People from many of these lands became British subjects and were able to enter Britain freely. Some came to London as visitors and students, and others stayed permanently. A Black sailor community was located in Canning Town, and a Coloured Men's Institute established there in 1926.
Many of today's Londoners can trace their ancestry to Africa directly because of their exploitation by Britain at this period. A number of prominent Black figures emerged in public life. Samuel Coleridge-Taylor was a notable composer working at the turn of the 20th century. John Archer pioneered African and Caribbean involvement in local politics when he became Mayor of Battersea in 1913.
In 1931 Dr Harold Moody founded the League of Coloured Peoples, the first Black pressure group. From the 1930s African students in London such as Jomo Kenyatta and Kwame Nkrumah, were influential. They were central figures in the struggle for African independence, later becoming the respective presidents of Kenya and Ghana.During World Wars I and II, several thousand Africans fought on the allied side in Africa, while those in Britain aided the war effort as seamen or through essential work. During the postwar period London experienced a labour shortage. The 1948 British Nationality Act gave British citizenship to all people living in Commonwealth countries, and full rights of entry and settlement in Britain. A few thousand migrants arrived from Nigeria and Ghana in West Africa to work in London.The settlement of people with different languages, customs and skin colour fuelled the prejudices of others and led to calls to restrict immigration.
The 1962 Commonwealth Immigrants Act greatly slowed down non-European immigration.
From the 1980s, increased numbers of people emigrated to London from West Africa. Today, many people from Nigeria and Ghana live in and around Southwark and Peckham in south London and Tottenham and Dalston in north London.African textiles and foodstuffs can be purchased from shops along Peckham High Street and stalls in Ridley Road market in Dalston.Peckham hit the headlines when ten year old Nigerian schoolboy Damilola Taylor was tragically murdered there in 2000.
Evangelical and pentecostal churches have sprung up to cater to devout congregations drawn from these groups. Nearly 70% of Africans in Britain are Christians, while 20% are Muslims.During the 1970s and 1990s, Somalians and Ethiopians fled civil war in East Africa, as did Congolese people from the Democratic Republic of Congo in Central Africa in the 1990s. Many migrants from Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia and Sudan settled in North Kensington.
The total number of people resident in London who identified themselves as ‘Black or Black British: African’ in the 2001 census was over 380,000. Over three-quarters of Africans living in Britain dwell in London.Well-known Londoners of African descent include several people with Ghanaian parents: the fashion designer Joe Casely-Hayford, the first Black cabinet minister Paul Boateng, and Ekow Eshun, journalist, broadcaster and current Director of the ICA. The Asian author and broadcaster Yasmin Alibhai-Brown was born in Uganda
|
|
The Museum of London Group is funded by the City of London and the Greater London Authority. Museum of London, London Wall, LONDON EC2Y 5HN, United Kingdom. Copyright & legal notices. This site is maintained by the Museum IT Team.
|
|
http://www.museumoflondon.org.uk/English/Collections/OnlineResources/RWWC/objects/image.htm?rid=61637&size=3&pid=6&oid=67052

|
|
https://dianabuja.wordpress.com/category/history-recent/
|
 https://abagond.wordpress.com/2010/09/22/africans-sold-their-own-people-as-slaves/
|
“Africans sold their own people as slaves” is a stock argument White Americans use when the subject of slavery comes up.
First, simply as an argument of fact it fails:
- Africa was not a country. Africans were not selling “their own”, they were selling their enemies,
just as the Greeks and Romans once did. Africa, then as now, was made up of different countries. They were no more selling “their own” than, say, “Europeans” were killing “their own” during the Holocaust.
And it overlooks a few other things:
- Most African countries did not sell slaves and some even fought against it. But because
Europeans back then could control the supply of guns there was little Africans could do to stop it.
- The Transatlantic slave trade was on a much greater scale than anything the Africans or
anyone else ever did in the history of slavery. Countries were destroyed and millions died. Over 12 million were sold in less than 400 years, something so huge that it changed the genetic map of the world.
- The Transatlantic slave trade was racist. The African slave trade, for all of its other ills, was
not that. Neither was the Greek and Roman slave trade. So slavery in places like Haiti, Barbados and America was much more cruel.
As a moral argument it fails too:
- It uses what I call the Arab Trader argument: it excuses an evil of one’s own past by finding the
same sort of evil done by others. Whites sold slaves, but Africans and Arab traders did too!
Which, morally speaking, is at the same level as an eight-year-old saying, “He did it too!” when caught doing something bad. We do not accept this argument from eight-year-olds, nor from bank robbers or wife beaters. “Africans did it too!” is no better.
But it is as a derailing argument that it comes into its own:
Its main purpose is to draw attention away from what whites did by turning the tables.That part of their past makes White Americans uncomfortable. But instead of facing up to it, they have built up defences against it:
- Africans sold their own people as slaves.
- Africans are still selling slaves.
- Arab traders sold slaves too.
- Slavery goes back thousands of years.
- All races have practised slavery.
- Whites stopped slavery.
- My family never owned slaves.
- That was Ancient History.
- You are living in the past.
- Get over it!
- It was the times.
- Slavery did not make economic sense.
- Whites got to where they are by their own hard work
- Blacks are better off in America than in Africa
- Africans were savages.
And on and on.
 Why not just face up to it? Because part of their sense of self worth is built on being white and how whites are better than everyone else, particularly blacks. But it is a huge lie, a lie that can only be maintained by not looking at their past – and present – squarely and honestly.

See also:
Posted in stuff 231 Comments
3 bloggers like this post.
|
|
SHAKESPEARE HATED BLACKS & OWNED SLAVES http://www.google.com/images?btnG=Search&hl=en&um=1&tab=wi&tbs=isch:1&spell=1&sa=X&aq=f&aqi=&oq=&gs_rfai=&q=SHAKESPEARE%20OWNED%20SLAVES%20HATED%20BLACKS
|
|
https://dianabuja.wordpress.com/category/history-recent/
|
|
This came to me via a forward from an undisclosed source
To: Undisclosed recipients: ;IE, Me ED:
What is the Manhattan Institute? ---------- Forwarded message ---------- Date: Mon, 4 Mar 2002 06:22:49 -0500 From: Robert Lederman PLEASE FORWARD WIDELY Axis of Evil: Another Manhattan Institute Slogan in Service to the NWO by
Robert Lederman< robert lederman at worldnet att net >
The man who coined GW's now infamous slogan, "Axis of Evil" was a senior fellow at the Manhattan Institute (MI) before joining the Bush administration. He's just been dropped from the Bush payroll according to the Washington Times [see article below]. MI also coined the slogan, "Compassionate Conservatism" for GW, who publicly claims the Rockefeller-funded organizations' influence on his thinking is, "second only to the Holy Bible".
What is the Manhattan Institute?
MI is a right wing think tank founded in 1978 by William Casey, Bush/Reagan's CIA director. William J Casey [ http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/cocaine/contents.html ]
Following WWII Casey helped bring thousands of former Nazis involved in eugenics and the Holocaust to the U.S. As CIA director he later funded bin Laden and Co. with billions in arms, terrorist training and cash and was also a key player in arming the Contras.
MI is funded by JP Morgan/Chase bank (owned by David Rockefeller) and by pharmaceutical companies (Pfizer and Lilly) directly connected to Rockefeller, Bush senior and many of the current Bush administration officials.
Bush senior was director of Eli Lilly in the late 70's. Bush Budget director Mitch Daniels was also a Lilly senior executive. Donald Rumsfeld formerly headed Searle Pharmaceuticals. All of these companies depend in large part for their products on research originally done by the IG Farben (BAYER) chemical cartel in Nazi Germany.
Rockefeller's Chase bank was among Hitler's biggest U.S. supporters before and during WWII. The Rockefeller families' Standard Oil of NJ was half owner of IG Farben - the industrial base of the entire Third Reich. GW Bush's grandfather, Prescott Bush and Prescott's father-in-law George Herbert Walker (who GW is named after) were Wall Street bankers whose fortune was made operating and financing shipping companies, banks and steel foundries for the Nazi regime.
MI's most famous alumni after Rudy Giuliani is Charles Murray author of "The Bell Curve" a modern classic of eugenics. The Bell Curve popularized the idea that Blacks are genetically inferior in intelligence to Whites as a justification for eliminating welfare, increasing so-called quality of life arrests, limiting parole, taking children from Black families etc. Murray was a paid consultant on Wisconsin Governor Tommy Thompson's welfare program and is a spokesman for the Federalist Society, which has direct ties to a number of current U.S. Supreme Court Judges. Thompson's #2 man on welfare reform was Jason Turner, who Rudy Giuliani later hired to head up NYC's welfare reform.
Turner actually quoted the motto from the gates of Auschwitz to explain Giuliani's workfare policy and was later forced to apologize. Rudy Giuliani also claims to get all of his ideas directly from MI. Many of his policy ideas are directly based on Murray's books.
MI has spearheaded a decades long effort to make the goals of eugenics respectable again. The Bush family, the Harriman family (the Wall Street business partners of Bush in financing Hitler) and the Rockefeller family are the elite of the American eugenics movement.
Axis of Evil. You'll find the center of that axis right here in NYC at the Manhattan Institute.
To verify that David Frum is associated with MI see: "Where Did the Sixties Come From?http://www.aei.org/bradley/bl060799.htm By David Frum Senior Fellow at th Manhattan Institute."
http://www.mingus.charlesmingus3art.com/fromwherethe60scome-_1024.html
Or do a search at the MI website on David Frum manhattan-institute.org There are hundreds of pages of documents related to him. http://www.web.archive.org/web/20021020172301/http://www.aei.org/bradley/bl060799.htm
http://www.aei.org/
http://www.aei.org/bradley/bl060799.htm http://www.web.archive.org/web/20021020172301/http://www.aei.org/bradley/bl060799.htm Hundreds of mainstream media quotes on the Manhattan Institute, Bush,Giuliani, the CIA, Chase Bank and the connection of them all to Nazism,eugenics and 9/11 will be found in the articles at: http://baltech.org/lederman/ http://thegiganticheartlessmultinationalcorporation.com/id208.htm
|

http://www.nazinexus.com/index.php?page=10143
|
| "A friar baptized it...." |
Quotations:
"The destruction of the Indians of the Americas was, far and away, the most massive act of genocide in the history of the world." David E. Stannard. 4 "This violent corruption needn't define us.... We can say, yes, this happened, and we are ashamed. We repudiate the greed. We recognize and condemn the evil. And we see how the harm has been perpetuated. But, five hundred years later, we intend to mean something else in the world." Barry Lopez. 3 "By then [1891] the native population had been reduced to 2.5% of its original numbers and 97.5% of the aboriginal land base had been expropriated....Hundreds upon hundreds of native tribes with unique languages, learning, customs, and cultures had simply been erased from the face of the earth, most often without even the pretense of justice or law." Peter Montague 1 |
 |
 |
Thats actually Massachusetts State police Originally Posted by jetsetter Not New Jersey State Police
http://forums.officer.com/forums/showthread.php?109301-Your-favorite-Police-car-amp-uniform/page2 |
|
Birmingham, Alabama - 1963. Coverage of 'The Battle Of Birmingham' (1963) - Excerpt from article in The Militant: "MAY 8, 1963 - One of humanity's great battles is taking place in Birmingham, Alabama. Five weeks ago, for the first time in the history of the South's steel city, Negroes there began exercising the right of peaceful protest against segregation by means of picket lines, sit-ins and marches. For five weeks the city officials of Birmingham -utilizing mass arrests, fire hoses and dogs -have shown the world that the elementary civil liberties such as free speech and assembly do not exist for Negroes in Birmingham...."
Charles Moore commenting on his Birmingham photos (from Civil Rights Photographers -- With Charles Moore and Benedict J. Fernandez moderated by Callie Crossley): "... it shows the man as he really was: defiant, angry; I mean pugnacious and mean. But that's Bull Connor who directed his policemen to do all those things that they did. We know what this is all about. I found it appalling. Somebody said, or several people have said, "Weren’t you afraid these dogs would bite you?" So what? That's not my job. I’m not here to worry about that. I want to see how these policemen would walk these dogs into -- I don’t have his name now, but I looked up and I did research and found out who the man was and all of that. This dog had already bitten his leg very badly. And this one’s pretty close to me. The police walked the dogs right into where there were women and men, and some people even had a child with them...."
See also: Trail to Freedom - From Selma to Birmingham, explore the compelling landmarks of the Civil Rights Movement, and be inspired by the heroes who led the way....
Articles on 1969 York City Riots and events leading up to them:
Riots 'the language of the unheard' (Feb. 23, 2003 / York Dispatch) "...Police quickly swarmed over the block, several with police dogs. The K-9 officers commanded their dogs with shouts of "kill." Three blacks were bitten in the scuffle, which ended only when one man's sister threw herself between him and the dog attacking him. When a German shepherd dog attacks, it doesn't just intimidate. When it bites, the upper and lower incisors connect like scissors and the large canine teeth remove chunks of flesh. The wounds infect easily and the scars usually are permanent...."; See also: 1966: The first long, hot summer (Feb. 24, 2003 / York Dispatch); Militancy grows in city's slums (Feb. 25, 2003 / York Dispatch); Gunfire shatters summer day (Feb. 27, 2003 / York Dispatch); Police dogs stir 1969 hatred (Feb. 28, 2003 / York Dispatch)
|
|
History of Police Dogs and Military Dogs
Dogs were first domesticated somewhere between 15,000 to 20,000 years ago and were initially used for hunting, hauling, and guarding camps and settlements. At some point, imperialistic and class-based societies began to exploit dogs' aggressive potential for both offensive purposes (military dogs) and for internal social control, particularly to control slaves and to guard accumulated property. By the 5th century B.C., various societies had adopted these strategies. According to Michael G. Lemish, "Persians, Greeks, Assyrians and Babylonians all recognized the tactical advantage of war dogs and deployed them as forward attacking elements" (War Dogs). In Greek Fire, Poison Arrows and Scorpion Bombs (Woodstock & New York 2003), Adrienne Mayor writes:
According to Pliny, the King of the Garamantes of Africa had two hundred trained war dogs "that did battle with those who resisted him." The cities of Colophon and Castabala in Asia Minor also maintained troops of war dogs that fought ferociously in the front ranks[...] The Hyrcanians of the Caspian Sea and the Magnesians [...] were also feared for the large hounds with spiked collars that accompanied them on the battlefield." (this from Aelian). Polyaenus reports that Cimmerians were driven out of Asia Minor in the 6th C. B.C. by the vicious hounds of King Alyattes, who "set his strongest dogs upon the barbarians as if they were wild animals[...] killed many and forced the rest to flee shamefully." And there was an Athenian wardog during Marathon, who served as "fellow-soldier in the battle". (p.191-2)

The Romans used dogs both for war and for internal control. Their 'Molossians', predecessors of today's Neopolitan Mastiff, were also sometimes featured in the arena, where they were pitted against various other beasts or against slaves. After Rome fell, the use of dogs for offense and repression appears to have tapered off somewhat, until it was revived with unprecedented brutality by the Spanish Conquistadors.
Atrocities of the Spanish Conquistadors in the West Indies Account from Bartolome de Las Casas (missionary and conquistadore) circa 1513: "...The Spaniards with their horses, their spears and lances, began to commit murders and other strange cruelties. They entered into towns and villages, sparing neither children nor old men and women. They ripped their bellies and cut them to pieces as if they had been slaughtering lambs in a field....Most tried to flee. They tried to hide in the mountains. They tried to flee from these men. Men who were empty of all pity, behaving like savage beasts. They are nothing more than slaughterers and enemies of mankind. These evil men had even taught their hounds, fierce dogs, to tear natives to pieces at first sight...."
Spanish invader Vasco Núñez de Balboa (1475-1519) shown in Central America with troops, presiding over the execution of Indians; Engraving by Théodore De Bry (1528-1598); New York Public Library, Rare Book Room, De Bry Collection, New York
Pestilence and Genocide From Pestilence and Genocide (excerpted from the book American Holocaust by David Stannard, Oxford University Press, 1992: "...[Vasco Núñez de Balboa] had his own favorite dog-Leoncico, or "little lion," a reddish-colored cross between a greyhound and a mastiff-that was rewarded at the end of a campaign for the amount of killing it had done. On one much celebrated occasion, Leoncico tore the head off an Indian leader in Panama while Balboa, his men, and other dogs completed the slaughter of everyone in a village that had the ill fortune to lie in their journey's path. Heads of human adults do not come off easily, so the authors of Dogs of the Conquest seem correct in calling this a "remarkable feat," although Balboa's men usually were able to do quite well by themselves. As one contemporary description of this same massacre notes: "The Spaniards cut off the arm of one, the leg or hip of another, and from some their heads at one stroke, like butchers cutting up beef and mutton for market. Six hundred, including the cacique, were thus slain like brute beasts. ...Vasco ordered forty of them to be torn to pieces by dogs."
Mark Derr's A Dog's History of America (North Point Press: 2004; see Washington Post book review) offers a broad portrait of the use of war dogs in the Americas. According to Derry, the Conquistadors' dogs were "specifically bred and trained to hunt down and disembowel Indians," and they followed the "practice of bringing along on any campaign chained Indian slaves as food for the dogs."
The following anecdote, quoted from The New World Holocaust, was illustrated in the sixteenth century De Bry engraving seen below: "... As the Spaniards went with their war dogs hunting down Indian men and women, it happened that a sick Indian woman who could not escape from the dogs, sought to avoid being torn apart by them, in this fashion: she took a cord and tied her year-old child to her leg, and then she hanged herself from a beam. But the dogs came and tore the child apart; before the creature expired, however, a friar baptized it...."
Barry Lopez, summarizing one of Las Casas' reports in his book "The Rediscovery of North America: The Thomas D. Clark lectures," (University Press of Kentucky, 1990), writes: "One day, in front of Las Casas, the Spanish dismembered, beheaded, or raped 3000 people.... They loosed dogs that 'devoured an Indian like a hog, at first sight, in less than a moment.' They used nursing infants for dog food...." (see: Genocide of Natives in North America)
The Conquistadors and the Indians"... We have numerous eyewitness reports, including some by Samuel de Champlain, of the barbaric methods of the Conquistadors, some of whom, for entertainment, would hunt Indians with vicious dogs. If they returned from the hunt without any "prey", they would feed the dogs live prisoners...."
Contact and Conquest in Early America Excerpt: "The first recorded European contact with the people of the Cherokee Nation was with the Spanish explorer Hernando de Soto. When De Soto landed in Florida with his soldiers in 1539, he brought with him Spanish Mastiffs, chains, and iron collars for the acquisition and exportation of Indian slaves...."
"The British arrived in Jamestown in 1607. By 1610 the intentional extermination of the native population was well along. David E. Stannard writes: "Hundreds of Indians were killed in skirmish after skirmish. Other hundreds were killed in successful plots of mass poisoning. They were hunted down by dogs, 'blood-Hounds to draw after them, and Mastives [mastiffs] to seize them'...." (from David E. Stannard, American Holocaust: Columbus and the Conquest of the New World. New York: Oxford University Press, 1992; ISBN 0-19-507581-1)
By the time of the American revolution, the use of dogs for repression had been scaled down, although some, most notably Benjamin Franklin, advocated for a revival. In 1775, he wrote to a friend: "Dogs should be used against the Indians. They should be large, strong and fierce.... In case of meeting a party of the enemy, the dogs are all then to be turned loose and set on. They will be fresher and finer for having been previously confined and will confound the enemy a good deal and be very serviceable...." Ben Franklin's suggestion was not adopted until 1840, when Secretary of War Joel Poinsett authorized the purchase of the 33 bloodhounds from Cuba (at $151.72 a piece) for offensive use against the Seminole Indians and escaped slaves who had taken refuge among them in western Florida and Louisana (see: 1840 political cartoon vilifying the Van Buren administration's decision to use bloodhounds to hunt down Indians).
from an 1848 political cartoon depicting Zachary Taylor hunting Indians with Cuban bloodhounds in Second Seminole War (click for link to image of full-size print)
Meanwhile, bloodhounds were regularly used to recapture escaped slaves. Excerpt from The Horrors of Slavery and England's Duty to Free the Bondsman: An Address Delivered in Taunton, England, on September 1, 1846 (Somerset County Gazette, September 5, 1846) by Frederick Douglass: "...Slaves frequently escape from bondage, and live in the woods. Sometimes they are absent eight or nine months without being discovered. They are hunted with dogs, kept for the purpose, and regularly trained. Enmity is Instilled into the blood-hounds by these means:—A master causes a slave to tie up the dog and beat it unmercifully. He then sends the slave away and bids him climb a tree; after which he unties the dog, puts him upon the track of the man and encourages him to pursue it until he discovers the slave. Sometimes, in hunting the negroes, if the owners are not present to call off the dogs, the slaves are torn in pieces...."
During the Civil War, Confederate regiments unleashed bloodhounds against negro regiments.
Wood engraved illustration from Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, March 5, 1864
The Nazis employed dogs in various capacities, most notoriously in the concentration camps. "...During the Second World War every concentration camp had its SS dog unit. The dogs, trained to attack inmates, were deeply feared. Heinrich Himmler, the SS chief who was himself a German shepherd owner, said that the purpose of the dogs was 'to encircle prisoners like a flock of sheep and so prevent escape'...." (from Axis and Allied War Dogs). The aid of dogs was also sometimes employed when prisoners were corralled into gas chambers.

See also: "The only surviving dog used by Germans to kill prisoners for fun"
What Did You Do in the War Fido? "...dogs were utilized in Vietnam by American troops to clear Vietcong tunnels and caves and to sniff out land mines and booby-traps. At any given time there were 4,000 dogs employed in Vietnam for military purposes. All but 200 were left to the Vietcong, many of whom were tortured...."
Birmingham, Alabama - 1963. Coverage of 'The Battle Of Birmingham' (1963) - Excerpt from article in The Militant: "MAY 8, 1963 - One of humanity's great battles is taking place in Birmingham, Alabama. Five weeks ago, for the first time in the history of the South's steel city, Negroes there began exercising the right of peaceful protest against segregation by means of picket lines, sit-ins and marches. For five weeks the city officials of Birmingham -utilizing mass arrests, fire hoses and dogs -have shown the world that the elementary civil liberties such as free speech and assembly do not exist for Negroes in Birmingham...."
Charles Moore commenting on his Birmingham photos (from Civil Rights Photographers -- With Charles Moore and Benedict J. Fernandez moderated by Callie Crossley): "... it shows the man as he really was: defiant, angry; I mean pugnacious and mean. But that's Bull Connor who directed his policemen to do all those things that they did. We know what this is all about. I found it appalling. Somebody said, or several people have said, "Weren’t you afraid these dogs would bite you?" So what? That's not my job. I’m not here to worry about that. I want to see how these policemen would walk these dogs into -- I don’t have his name now, but I looked up and I did research and found out who the man was and all of that. This dog had already bitten his leg very badly. And this one’s pretty close to me. The police walked the dogs right into where there were women and men, and some people even had a child with them...."
See also: Trail to Freedom - From Selma to Birmingham, explore the compelling landmarks of the Civil Rights Movement, and be inspired by the heroes who led the way....
Articles on 1969 York City Riots and events leading up to them:
Riots 'the language of the unheard' (Feb. 23, 2003 / York Dispatch) "...Police quickly swarmed over the block, several with police dogs. The K-9 officers commanded their dogs with shouts of "kill." Three blacks were bitten in the scuffle, which ended only when one man's sister threw herself between him and the dog attacking him. When a German shepherd dog attacks, it doesn't just intimidate. When it bites, the upper and lower incisors connect like scissors and the large canine teeth remove chunks of flesh. The wounds infect easily and the scars usually are permanent...."; See also: 1966: The first long, hot summer (Feb. 24, 2003 / York Dispatch); Militancy grows in city's slums (Feb. 25, 2003 / York Dispatch); Gunfire shatters summer day (Feb. 27, 2003 / York Dispatch); Police dogs stir 1969 hatred (Feb. 28, 2003 / York Dispatch)
|
|
http://www.petmemorialcards.com/mem2008-C.html
|
Ken Rogers of Washougal, Washington was enjoying a visit with family in Kennewick and looking forward to some fishing when his slumber was rudely disturbed on the night of July 13, 2003.
Rogers, a 54-year-old regional sales manager for Georgia-Pacific, was sleeping under the stars when a large dog suddenly vaulted over a wooden fence and sank its teeth into his left arm. Shocked and disoriented in the darkness, and not wearing his eyeglasses, Rogers struggled desperately to free himself from the dog, to no avail.
A voice from the other side of the fence informed Rogers that the dog was the property of the Kennewick Police Department's K-9 Unit. “Stop fighting the dog and I will release him,” yelled Officer Bradley Kohn. Rogers, understandably, wasn't content to wait, and started punching the police dog -- later identified as “Deke” -- in the head.
Officer Kohn, along with Officer Ryan Bonnalie, tore down part of the fence. The two of them, along with Deputy Jeff Quackenbush, “entered the backyard and subdued Rogers,” as the excessively decorous language of a legal appeal filed by the officers describes the incident.
The TriCity Herald offers a more descriptive account: “Deke latched onto [Rogers] and in the struggle bit him several times on the hand, back, neck and face while three officers beat him.” Syndicated legal affairs columnist Jack Kilpatrick, citing an official report, offers another layer of relevant detail: “Officers Kohn and Bonnalie and Deputy Quackenbush struck Mr. Rogers with fists, knees and a flashlight, while Deke continued to bite and hold Mr. Rogers until Mr. Rogers was subdued and handcuffed.”
An even more candid description of the episode would be this: Ken was sleeping peacefully when he suffered a potentially lethal dog attack, and then was severely beaten by three armed men after they had vandalized his host's property.
Supposedly, all of this was justified because the police were hot on the trail of a criminal suspect. One would presume that they were seeking a burglar, a rapist, or some other practitioner of criminal violence. One would be mistaken: The police officers who beat Ken Rogers had been summoned as backup by Sgt. Richard Dopke after he had spotted someone riding a mini-moped without a helmet or turning on the lights.
After Dopke turned on his siren and running lights and gave chase, the “suspect” (whose behavior was foolish, but difficult to characterize as criminal) pulled into a nearby garage and shut the door. A man and two women at the residence, which was about a block away from the yard where Rogers was sleeping, claimed that the mysterious mini-moped rider named “Troy” had run half-naked through their backyard. Dopke later claimed that he didn't find the story convincing, but he called for backup and a K-9 Unit just the same.
The story gets even uglier from here.
Overkill is always the first option: Sure, they're heavily armed and already outnumber the protester, by why shouldn't the riot police let their attack dog have a little fun, too?
As it happens, Gary Hilliard, a Corrections Officer (jail guard) for Benton County, was the man who sent Officer Dopke off in pursuit of the mysterious moped man. And, it should not surprise us to learn, it was Hilliard who had actually been operating the vehicle illegally. Making matters all the nastier is the fact that roughly two years after this episode, Hilliard was fired from his job and served a three-month jail term “for having sexually explicit pictures of children on a personal computer,” reported the TriCity Herald.
I'm on record expressing misgivings about the way evidence is collected from computer hard drives in child pornography cases. I will point out that Hilliard's subsequent record does cast his actions on the night of July 13 in an interesting light.
Just as it was overkill for the police to beat someone suspected of a minor traffic infraction, Hilliard's actions in lying to the police and sending them after a fictitious fugitive could be seen as the product of a bad conscience.
This makes me wonder if Hilliard was returning from an illicit assignation of some kind when he provoked the interest of Officer Dopke. In any case, Hilliard misdirected the police, and an innocent man was mauled by a police dog and severely beaten by several officers as a result. Despite having to empty his bank account to pay for three months of physical therapy following the beating, Ken Rogers would most likely have let the matter go had the Kennewick Police Department displayed minimal decency and professionalism by contacting him, asking after his health, and expressing its regrets. So Rogers sued the Kennewick Police Department for more than $2.35 million, complaining that he had been subject to illegal arrest, unreasonable search and seizure, and other violations of his individual rights.
On May 1, a US District Court jury upheld Rogers' claims, awarding him and his wife Mary Lou more than $1 million in compensatory and punitive damages.
En route to that verdict, the Kennewick city government made a ridiculously low settlement offer, called into question the extent of Rogers' injuries (subtly accusing him of fraud because he wasn't visibly disabled and continued to enjoy outdoor activities), and filed a petition to the US Supreme Court (.pdf) breathtaking in its assertions of official police impunity.
The petition was filed following a ruling from the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals last August that found Rogers had been subject to unlawful search and seizure. Seeking to overturn that ruling, attorneys for the Kennewick police claimed that Deke the police dog -- not Officer Kohn, the dog's handler -- was responsible for the injury to Rogers.

Don't blame me -- it's the dog's fault: Heroic Military Police use dogs to threaten helpless Abu Ghraib detainees.
Kohn claims to have released Deke after the dog's leash had become entangled “on the hitch of a boat trailer” in a driveway near the yard where Rogers was sleeping. Deke then vaulted the fence sua sponte and latched on to Rogers's left arm. Because Kohn did not specifically order this assault, the police petition claimed, he did not intentionally “seize anyone in the fenced backyard,” and thus there was no violation of rights protected by the Fourth Amendment.
According to the petition, “there can be no constitutional violation for a wrongful seizure where there is no intent to seize.” Even if there were true regarding the attack by a trained police dog who was trained to act like (in the words of Diehl Lettig, Rogers' attorney) a “heat-seeking missile,” the fact remains that Rogers was swarmed, beaten, and handcuffed by three police officers.
This is an intentional “seizure” by any rational definition. In fact, one of the federal District Court rulings cited in the police petition, Cardona v Connolly, actually vindicates Rogers' complaint. That ruling held, in relevant part, that a “Fourth Amendment seizure” can be said to take place “only when there is a governmental termination of freedom of movement through means intentionally applied.” Surely the liberal use of “fists, knees and a flashlight” by police against a prone individual being mauled by a police dog until the victim is “subdued” and handcuffed would qualify as “governmental termination of freedom” through “intentional” means. Nonetheless, the petition for US Supreme Court review filed on behalf of the officers insisted that their actions were covered by the principle of “qualified immunity,” which is described as “an important constitutional protection for our public servants.”

"Qualified immunity," reduced to its essence.
“Government officials performing discretionary functions are entitled to qualified immunity, shielding them from civil damages liability as long as their actions could reasonably have been thought consistent with the rights they are alleged to have violated,” insists the Kennewick police brief.
What this means, from that perspective, is that the police had an open-ended and unqualified right to beat and detain Rogers unless he can (quoting again from the brief) “demonstrate that the police officers, by their conduct, violated a clearly established constitutional right....” Furthermore, it wouldn't do, insisted the police petition, for Rogers to demonstrate the violation of “a generalized right, such as the right to be free from illegal searches or seizures or the right generally to be free from the excessive use of force.”
In this specific case, the police argued that unless Rogers, could prove that Officer Kohn intended for Deke to attack him specifically, he had no legal recourse. On this construction, the mauling, beating, handcuffing, and general mistreatment Rogers endured was all legal and appropriate, since those who inflicted it on him were clothed in “qualified immunity.”
Fortunately, this matter ended up being put before a jury of sensible people who detected in that argument the distinctive aroma of something very much like the sort of residue Deke deposits at the end of his canine digestive cycle.
A significant and relevant post-script to this matter:
Three of those implicated in this incident – Officers Dopke and Bonnalie, and Deke – were retired form the force between 2003 and 2006. Officer Bonnalie, who helped vandalize the fence and had a hands-on role in beating Rogers, was fired in 2005 after an off-duty road rage incident in which he threatened a 63-year-old Meals on Wheels volunteer by shoving a handgun into his chest.
A parting thought... Several people whose opinions I highly esteem and whose friendship I cherish have advised me to "balance" my reporting on the police. They have a sound point; I don't want to become monomaniacal on the subject of police corruption. I am searching for suitably inspiring stories about good police officers and and willing to run them when given the chance. And I am always receptive to news tips about stories of that kind (or any other, for that matter). Please be sure to visit The Right Source.
|
|
http://www.religioustolerance.org/genocide5.htm
|
Genocide
Past genocides committed against Native Americans
Quotations:
 |
"The destruction of the Indians of the Americas was, far and away, the most massive act of genocide in the history of the world." David E. Stannard. 4 |
 |
"This violent corruption needn't define us.... We can say, yes, this happened, and we are ashamed. We repudiate the greed. We recognize and condemn the evil. And we see how the harm has been perpetuated. But, five hundred years later, we intend to mean something else in the world." Barry Lopez. 3 |
 |
"By then [1891] the native population had been reduced to 2.5% of its original numbers and 97.5% of the aboriginal land base had been expropriated....Hundreds upon hundreds of native tribes with unique languages, learning, customs, and cultures had simply been erased from the face of the earth, most often without even the pretense of justice or law." Peter Montague 1 |
Overview:
The population of North America prior to the first sustained European contact in 1492 CE is a matter of active debate. Various estimates of the pre-contact Native population of the continental U.S. and Canada range from 1.8 to over 12 million. 4 Over the next four centuries, their numbers were reduced to about 237,000 as Natives were almost wiped out. Author Carmen Bernand estimates that the Native population of what is now Mexico was reduced from 30 million to only 3 million over four decades. 13 Peter Montague estimates that Europeans once ruled over 100 million Natives throughout the Americas.
European extermination of Natives started with Christopher Columbus' arrival in San Salvador in 1492. Native population dropped dramatically over the next few decades. Some were directly murdered by Europeans. Others died indirectly as a result of contact with introduced diseases for which they had no resistance -- mainly smallpox, influenza, and measles.
Later European Christian invaders systematically murdered additional Aboriginal people, from the Canadian Arctic to South America. They used warfare, death marches, forced relocation to barren lands, destruction of their main food supply -- the Buffalo -- and poisoning. Some Europeans actually shot at Indians for target practice. 14
Oppression continued into the 20th century, through actions by governments and religious organizations which systematically destroyed Native culture and religious heritage. One present-day byproduct of this oppression is suicide. Today, Canadian Natives have the highest suicide rate of any identifiable population group in the world. Native North Americans are not far behind.
The genocide against American Natives was one of the most massive, and longest lasting genocidal campaigns in human history. It started, like all genocides, with the oppressor treating the victims as sub-humans. It continued until almost all Natives were wiped of the face of the earth, along with much of their language, culture and religion.
We believe that:
The following essay contains only a small sampling of the horrendous atrocities inflicted on Natives by Europeans.

Christopher Columbus:
"Christopher Columbus has been a genuine American hero since at least 1792 when the Society of St. Tammany in New York City first held a dinner to honor the man and his deeds." Columbus Day has been celebrated as a national holiday since 1934 in honor of this dedicated and courageous explorer. Unfortunately, his character had a dark side.
Columbus described the Arawaks -- the Native people in the West Indies -- as timid, artless, free, and generous. He rewarded them with death and slavery. For his second voyage to the Americas:
"Columbus took the title 'Admiral of the Ocean Sea' and proceeded to unleash a reign of terror unlike anything seen before or since. When he was finished, eight million Arawaks -- virtually the entire native population of Hispaniola -- had been exterminated by torture, murder, forced labor, starvation, disease and despair." 1
A Spanish missionary, Bartolome de las Casas, described eye-witness accounts of mass murder, torture and rape. 2 Author Barry Lopez, summarizing Las Casas' report wrote:
"One day, in front of Las Casas, the Spanish dismembered, beheaded, or raped 3000 people. 'Such inhumanities and barbarisms were committed in my sight,' he says, 'as no age can parallel....' The Spanish cut off the legs of children who ran from them. They poured people full of boiling soap. They made bets as to who, with one sweep of his sword, could cut a person in half. They loosed dogs that 'devoured an Indian like a hog, at first sight, in less than a moment.' They used nursing infants for dog food." 3
The Spaniards eventually went on to conquer Mexico and the southern U.S.
The British:
The British occupied areas from Virginia northward. Hans Koning wrote:
"From the beginning, the Spaniards saw the native Americans as natural slaves, beasts of burden, part of the loot. When working them to death was more economical than treating them somewhat humanely, they worked them to death. The English, on the other hand, had no use for the native peoples. They saw them as devil worshippers, savages who were beyond salvation by the church, and exterminating them increasingly became accepted policy." 5
David E. Stannard wrote:
"Hundreds of Indians were killed in skirmish after skirmish. Other hundreds were killed in successful plots of mass poisoning. They were hunted down by dogs, 'blood-Hounds to draw after them, and Mastives [mastiffs] to seize them.' Their canoes and fishing weirs were smashed, their villages and agricultural fields burned to the ground. Indian peace offers were accepted by the English only until their prisoners were returned; then, having lulled the natives into false security, the colonists returned to the attack. It was the colonists' expressed desire that the Indians be exterminated, rooted 'out from being longer a people upon the face of the earth.' In a single raid the settlers destroyed corn sufficient to feed four thousand people for a year. Starvation and the massacre of non-combatants was becoming the preferred British approach to dealing with the natives." 4
The Americans:
In the early 18th century, the states of Massachusetts, Connecticut, and New Jersey promoted a genocide of their local Natives by imposing a "scalp bounty" on dead Indians. "In 1703, Massachusetts paid 12 pounds for an Indian scalp. By 1723 the price had soared to 100 pounds." 10 Ward Churchill wrote: "Indeed, in many areas it [murdering Indians] became an outright business." 6 This practice of paying a bounty for Indian scalps continued into the 19th century before the public put an end to the practice. 10
In the 18th century, George Washington compared them to wolves, "beasts of prey" and called for their total destruction. 4 In 1814, Andrew Jackson "supervised the mutilation of 800 or more Creek Indian corpses" that his troops had killed. 6
Extermination of all of the surviving natives was urged by the Governor of California officially in 1851. 4 An editorial from the Rocky Mountain News in Denver, CO in 1863; and from the Santa Fe New Mexican in 1863 expressed the same sentiment. 6 In 1867, General William Tecumseh Sherman said, "We must act with vindictive earnestness against the Sioux [Lakotas] even to their extermination: men, women and children." 6
In 1848, before the gold rush in California, that state's native population is estimated to have been 150,000. In 1870, after the gold rush, only about 31,000 were still alive. "Over 60 percent of these indigenous people died from disease introduced by hundreds of thousands of so-called 49ers. However, local tribes were also systematically chased off their lands, marched to missions and reservations, enslaved and brutally massacred." 12 The price paid for a native scalp had dropped as low as $0.25. Native historian, Jack Forbes, wrote:
"The bulk of California's Indians were conquered, and died, in innumerable little episodes rather than in large campaigns. it serves to indict not a group of cruel leaders, or a few squads of rough soldiers, but in effect, an entire people; for ...the conquest of the Native Californian was above all else a popular, mass, enterprise." 11
References:
- Peter Montague, "#671 - Columbus Day, 1999," Rachel's Environment & Health News, Environmental Research Foundation, at: http://www.rachel.org/
- Bartolome de las Casas, "The devastation of the Indies: A brief account," Johns Hopkins University Press, (1992). Read reviews or order this book safely from Amazon.com online book store. (Cited in Ref. 1)
- Barry Lopez, "The Rediscovery of North America: The Thomas D. Clark lectures," University Press of Kentucky, (1990). Read reviews or order this book. (Cited in Ref. 1)
- David E. Stannard, "American Holocaust: Columbus and the Conquest of the New World," Oxford University Press, (1992). Read reviews or order this book. (Cited in Ref. 1)
- Hans Koning, "The conquest of America: How the Indian nations lost their continent," Monthly Review Press, (1993). Read reviews or order this book. (Cited in Ref. 1)
- Ward Churchill, "A Little Matter of Genocide: Holocaust and Denial in the Americas, 1492 to the Present," City Lights Books, (1998). Read reviews or order this book. (Cited in Ref. 1)
- Leah Trabich, "Native American Genocide still haunts United States," An End to Intolerance, Vol. 5, 1997-JUN, at: http://www.iearn.org/
- "Natives, North American," InfoPlease.com, at: http://www.infoplease.com/
- James Craven, "Docs. on Native American Genocide," at: http://www.chgs.umn.edu/
- Anon, "The history of Indian and European scalping," 2002, PageWise, Inc., at: http://ct.essortment.com/historyscalpin_rdrp.htm
- "Gold, Greed & Genocide: The untold impacts of the Gold Rush on native communities and the environment," Project Underground, at: http://www.moles.org/
- "Gold, Greed & Genocide," Project Underground, at: http://www.1849.org/
- Carmen Bernand, "The Incas: People of the Sun (Discoveries)," Harry N Abrams, (1994). Read reviews or order this book.
- "Disrupting the Natives," at: http://www.endoftheoregontrail.org/

Additional books on this topic:
|
Ward Churchill, et al, "Perversions of Justice: Indigenous Peoples and Anglo-American Law," City Lights Books, (2003) Read reviews or order this book
|
|
Ward Churchill:
|
"Fantasies of the Master Race: Literature, Cinema and the Colonization of American Indians" City Lights Books, (1998; 2nd edition) Read reviews or order this book
|
|
"A little matter of Genocide: Holocaust and denial in the Americas: 1492 to the present," City Lights Publishers, (1998). Read reviews or order this book |
|
|
Jake Page. "In the Hands of the Great Spirit: The 20,000-Year History of American Indians," Free Press, (2003). Read reviews or order this book
|
|
Russell Thornton, "American Indian Holocaust and Survival: A Population History Since 1492 (Civilization of the American Indian, Vol 186)," University of Oklahoma Press, (1990). Read reviews or order this book |
|
Clifford E. Trafzer & Joel R. Hyer, (Eds.), "Exterminate Them": Written Accounts of the Murder, Rape, and Slavery of Native Americans During the California Gold Rush, 1848-1868" Read reviews or order this book safely from Amazon.com online book store.
|
|
James Wilson, "The Earth Shall Weep: A History of Native America," Grove Press, (2003). Read reviews or order this book |
|
|
Last Update 2011-05-25 | Copyright© Charles Mingus 2008 | | 
|
|
Let’s take these points one at a time:
1) Africa was not a country.
Africans were not selling “their own”, they were selling their enemies, just as the Greeks and Romans once did.
Sure, no doubt. And yet it was a sin for white people to sell folks who weren’t “their people”.
If the argument is that you can sell political, religious and social “Others” as
slaves, then that’s valid for both Europeans and Africans, isn’t it? And if it’s
not valid for the one, it isn’t valid for the other.Secondly, both Europeans
and Africans did indeed “sell their own”: criminals were routinely sold into
slavery on both continents. see Barbado'ed
Barbado'ed: Scotland's Sugar Slaves

connect the simple dots Oliver Cromwell victims the Scots Shakespear owned Slaves so well hidden in
Highschool consider the source every thing IS Political white Wash that shit...
Video Info By: mill Category: Educational Length: 49:09 Resolution: 480 x 272 Filesize: 280 MB Language: English Viewed: 2084 times
The west coast of Barbados is known as a favourite winter destination for British tourists, ranging from the upmarket
Sandy Lane resort to the all-drinks-included package holiday crowd arriving by economy class. Many will come from
Scotland, but few will realise that just fourteen miles away on the rocky east side of the island live a community of
McCluskies, Sinclairs and Baileys who are not, as might be expected, black Bajans bearing the family names given
by slave owners centuries ago, but poor whites eking out a subsistence existence. Known as the Redlegs, they are
the direct descendants of the Scots transported to Barbados by Cromwell after the Civil War. Scottish author and broadcaster Chris Dolan went to meet them to discover why they are still here 350 years later, what they know
about their roots, and what their prospects are today when they are the poorest community on the island. Chris
speaks to leading historians in Barbados and Scotland about how their ancestors were treated when they first
arrived. Was their plight as severe as that of the black slaves from Africa? Nearly two centuries after emancipation,
this Redleg community has yet to find a role on the island, where it is damned by association with the days of
slavery, even though many of its forbears were victims themselves. In recent years, it has begun to come out of
its racial isolation; could there yet be a hopeful future for this lost Scottish tribe?
Most African countries did not sell slaves and some even fought against it.
But because Europeans back then could control the supply of guns there was little Africans could do to stop it.
“Most”? Source, please. Slavery was VERY common throughout sub-saharan Africa, as it was in every single
human civilization before the industrial revolution. Those few African peoples who DIDN’T have slaves mostly
didn’t have cities or agriculture. The San peoples spring to mind.
The Transatlantic slave trade was on a much greater scale than anything the Africans or anyone else ever
did in the history of slavery.
Actually, no. More slaves died enroute to slave ports than got shipped. The proper way to argue this is to say
that without European buyers, the massive AFRICAN chattel slave trade simply would not have existed.
The Transatlantic slave trade was racist. The African slave trade, for all of its
other ills, was not that. Neither was the Greek and Roman slave trade.
This is a bit of a red herring as “racism”, in the strict sense, only came about halfway through the slave trade’s existence. It’s also a bit of a nit to pick. African’s didn’t have a concept of race, but they most CERTAINLY had
the concept of the degraded Other and the sense that they could do just as they pleased with the degraded other.
I don’t think that slaves sacrificed by the King of Dahomé got any moral or emotional sustenance from the fact
that the guy doing the killing saw them as impure scum, but not as a different subspecies.
It uses what I call the Arab Trader argument: it excuses an evil of one’s own past by finding the same sort
of evil done by others.
But isn’t that what this whole attempt to recover African slavery as somehow “not as bad” as other forms
of slavery is PRECISELY doing, Abagond?
Nice post, I just have to note something about this:
The Transatlantic slave trade was racist. The African slave trade, for all of its other ills, was not that.
Neither was the Greek and Roman slave trade. So slavery in places like Haiti, Barbados and America
was much more cruel.
I am not sure if slavery being more cruel is a consequence of this type of slavery being racist. What I’m
saying is, other reasons for slavery (ethnic difference, religious difference, seeing enslaved as barbarians, etc.)
are no better (or worse) than race as a reason for slavery.
So if this type of slavery was more cruel it wasn’t because the oppressors used (invented, in fact) race as a
reason behind it. Using any other reason (ethnic difference, religion, etc.) would be the same.
“If the argument is that you can sell political, religious and social “Others” as slaves, then that’s valid for both Europeans and Africans, isn’t it?
And if it’s not valid for the one, it isn’t valid for the other.”
Did I miss something or did abagond state that slavery on the continent of Africa wasn’t bad/awful/etc?
“Secondly, both Europeans and Africans did indeed “sell their own”: criminals were routinely sold into slavery on both continents.”
I read that as meaning they weren’t selling their those of their own ethnic groups. Of course, since there was no “African” or even
“Ghanaian/Angolan/Senegalese” at the time, they weren’t selling their “own”.
Either way, you’re right that criminals (even of the same ethnic group) were sold as well.
To Thad
To the topic: I’d just tell the person to look up the origin
of the word slave, if they want to play the tit-for-tat game.
It was fairly common for Africans to keep other Africans (as in prisoners of war) as slaves, but this was nothing like the slavery that took place in the US,
Caribbean, West Indies, South America. Slavery in Africa was more of an indentured servitude with a beginning and an end. Many slaves ended up marrying
into the families they served. What’s important to note here is that slaves maintained their humanity and were not “born into” slavery. The child of a slave
was born free.
So flash over to the British, Americans, French and Portuguese coming to buy slaves. The slavery Africans know of has not included vicious brutality and
dehumanization. The captives have the same idea of slavery and believe they’re going to be treated the same way they’ve treated their slaves. They will
serve their time, and then they’ll get on with their lives. They believe they will go wherever they’re going, and they’ll work and live there. But that is not
what happens, as we know.
This information is something I’ve heard in my Black literature class, my African-American literature class, and I’ve recently read it again in a book called Jubilee:
The Emergence of African-American Culture by Howard Dodson, Amiri Baraka, Gail Lumet Buckley, Henry Louis Gates Jr., and Annette Gordon-Reed.
I don’t think what Abagond is saying that it is a sin for one race or people to sell folks who weren’t
“their people” and not for another.
I think he is saying that the white argument is always that, if Africans sold each other to the whites,
then the slave trade in America was justified.
But the outcome of that operation, which scale and magnitude has gone unsurpassed, has had a profound effect on 38 million people in America.
Not just because of slavery, that was just the starting point. But because white supremecy would not allow themselves to see blacks as humans
and it carried on long after the slave trade was abolished.
Although the slave trade was abolished, slavery was not. So, those whites who wanted to do the “cool” thing at the time and be “progressive” said ”
Sure, we’ll stop bringing slaves over from Africa, but I’ll be damned if I give up the ones raising my children and tending my land.”
Had slavery been just slavery and halted when it was said to have been, i think the outcome would have been much different. But we all know how
that story goes. Slavery ended in 1865. The oldest man alive is 114 ears old. He was born in 1896. Only a mere 31 years before that man was born
were black people still “legally” considered slaves. I bet his memory is ful of amazingly shocking things.
But the outcome of that operation, which scale and magnitude has gone unsurpassed, has had a profound effect on 38 million people in America.
Not just because of slavery, that was just the starting point. But because white supremecy would not allow themselves to see blacks as humans
and it carried on long after the slave trade was abolished.
Although the slave trade was abolished, slavery was not. So, those whites who wanted to do the “cool” thing at the time and be “progressive” said ”
Sure, we’ll stop bringing slaves over from Africa, but I’ll be damned if I give up the ones raising my children and tending my land.” (and don’t forget
“the ones I serially rape and then call sluts and wh*res afterward even if she was only 11 or 12 at the time and I was 30 or 40″)
Had slavery been just slavery and halted when it was said to have been, i think the outcome would have been much different. But we all know
how that story goes.
THIS. Interesting how many
wish to obfuscate this.
I think the retort to “Africans sold their own people as slaves!” is that “Africans didn’t write slavery into the US Constitution.”
@ Claude.
Word. Also, black people are over 50 million in America. And in 2008 the oldest man in the world recorded up until then died @ age 137.
So when white people whine about slavery being over a hundred years ago, it’s really annoying.
*sigh* ’tis why I developed fashion tips.
Great post Abagond
Nobody seems to ever mention how hard Africans fought to get white slave traders of their land, but who had the guns?
As for the whole slavery was such a long time a go. puh-leezeee. Slavery was about 400 year give or take (depending
where you lived and when your town/ country started acting right) Afro Americans/Carribean/Latinos have only been out
of slavery for 100+ years not even half the time.
It may seem so long ago becasue how far we have come but it is really not.
Excellent Post.
“Why not just face up to it? Because part of their sense of self worth is built on being white and how whites are better than everyone else,
particularly blacks. But it is a huge lie, a lie that can only be maintained by not looking at their past – and present – squarely and honestly.”
Truth!
https://abagond.wordpress.com/2010/09/22/africans-sold-their-own-people-as-slaves/